Table 4.

Characteristics of the participants with or without SOL misperception

Variables	SOL misperception (N=55)	No SOL misperception (N=49)	p
Age, years	40.09±12.93	41.20±9.92	0.710
Gender, Female	31 (56.36)	24 (48.98)	0.578
Education, years	14.90±2.19	15.36±2.20	0.312
Subjective sleep reports
sTST, min	300.22±67.79	336.73±71.25	0.021*
sSOL, min	83.27±40.37	28.63±17.63	<0.001***
ISI	15.31±4.23	13.43±4.07	0.023*
PSQI	8.84±1.36	8.29±1.66	0.080
KESS	9.73±4.01	8.47±4.47	0.134
Polysomnographic sleep parameters
oTST, min	399.76±64.56	401.22±55.17	0.948
SE, %	83.69±13.70	83.60±11.60	0.750
oSOL, min	12.08±14.64	16.00±21.71	0.372
R Latency, min	106.28±66.74	135.52±70.71	0.012*
N1, %	12.32±7.51	14.80±11.26	0.460
N2, %	63.72±8.74	63.41±9.73	0.990
N3, %	5.16±6.33	3.28±5.56	0.157
NREM, %	81.20±5.03	81.50±6.79	0.803
REM, %	18.80±5.03	18.50±6.79	0.804
WASO, min	66.17±62.91	62.78±51.55	0.920
Total Arousal, N	113.44±51.73	124.76±84.24	0.822
AHI	5.51±7.91	9.15±15.17	0.679
Psychological measures
CES-D	14.13±10.91	10.29±7.17	0.097
BAI	12.24±9.39	6.82±3.85	0.001***
GARS	25.00±13.09	22.53±11.34	0.589
SAPS	30.55±6.73	28.70±5.45	0.141

Data are presented as mean±standard deviation (SD). Independent t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables were used to determine the difference between the two groups.

^*p<0.05;

^***p<0.001.

TST, total sleep time; SOL, sleep onset latency; ISI, insomnia severity index; PSQI, pittsburgh sleep quality index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; SE, sleep efficiency; WASO, wake after sleep onset; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BAI, beck anxiety inventory; GARS, Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale; SAPS, Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale