FIGURE 7.

Paeoniflorin (PF) enhances random-pattern skin flaps survival in rats. (A) Digital images of the survival/necrotic area from three groups on POD 3 and 7. (B) Evaluation of survival area on POD 7. (C) Evaluation of Blood flow and vascular distribution by Laser Doppler Blood Flow in each group. (D) Histogram showed the intensity of the blood flow signal. (E) Evaluation of CD34 marking vessels in vascular endothelial cells using IHC (200×; scan bar, 50 μm). (F) Evaluation of CD34⁺ vessel density (%) using histogram. (G) Evaluation of subcutaneous blood vessels and inflammation via H&E staining in different groups (200×; scan bar, 50 μm). (H) Flap mean vessel density (MVD) assessment (/mm²) using histogram. (I) Evaluation of a-SMA expressing vessels in vascular endothelial cells, using immunofluorescence (200×; scan bar, 50 μm). (J) Quantification of a-SMA positive vessel density in dermal layer using histogram. Data: mean ± SD, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. n = 6.