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. 2021 Sep 28;36(12):3028–3035. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deab221

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Schematic illustration of the potential mechanisms of gamete-mediated mate choice in humans. (A) Surface proteins and glycans of the oocyte–cumulus complex and sperm chemoattractants released by these cells (e.g. chemokines, peptides and odourants); (B) other female-derived reproductive secretions; (C) various genes of the immune system. Together, these female-derived factors cause a number of physiological changes in sperm (D) that can selectively bias fertilisation towards the sperm of genetically compatible males (E).