TABLE 1.
Overview of patient baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes
| Characteristic | Data for patients with: |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proven/probable CAPA (n = 39) | No evidence of CAPA (n = 133) | Possible CAPA (n = 19) | Aspergillus colonized/only serum BDG positive (n = 28) | P valuea,c | |
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age (median [IQR] [yrs]) | 65 (58–75) | 60 (52–69) | 68 (58–73) | 66 (58–71) | 0.003 |
| Male (no. [%]) | 28 (71.8) | 98 (73.7) | 13 (68.4) | 19 (67.9) | 0.838 |
| Hematological malignancy (no. [%]) | 1 (2.6) | 8 (6.0) | 0 | 1 (3.6) | 0.686 |
| Solid organ malignancy (no. [%]) | 4 (10.3) | 8 (6.0) | 0 | 4 14.3) | 0.472 |
| Stem cell transplant (no. [%]) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 0.540 |
| Solid organ transplant (no. [%]) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 0.540 |
| Pulmonary disease (no. [%]) | 9 (23.1) | 21 (15.8) | 6 (31.6) | 9 (32.1) | 0.338 |
| Cardiovascular disease (no. [%]) | 16 (41.0) | 53 (39.8) | 7 (36.8) | 11 (39.3) | 0.999 |
| Diabetes mellitus (no. [%]) | 10 (25.6) | 31 (23.3) | 7 (36.8) | 3 (10.7) | 0.831 |
| Chronic kidney disease (no. [%]) | 1 (2.6) | 3 (2.3) | 0 | 2 (7.1) | 0.999 |
| Autoimmune disease (no. [%]) | 2 (5.1) | 6 (4.5) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (7.1) | 0.999 |
| EORTC/MSGERCd host factors (no. [%]) | 5 (12.8) | 11 (8.3) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (14.3) | 0.364 |
| COVID-19 treatment (treated) (no. [%]) | 26 (66.7) | 80 (60.2) | 12 (63.2) | 20 (71.4) | 0.575 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 21 (53.8) | 74 (55.6) | 8 (42.1) | 16 (57.1) | 0.857 |
| Remdesivir | 1 (2.6) | 15 (11.3) | 0 | 2 (7.1) | 0.124 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 7 (17.9) | 3 (2.3) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (10.7) | 0.001 |
| Anakinra | 2 (5.1) | 17 (12.8) | 0 | 1 (3.6) | 0.250 |
| Azithromycin | 8 (20.5) | 7 (5.3) | 0 | 2 (7.1) | 0.007 |
| Corticosteroids | 10 (25.6) | 12 (9.0) | 9 (47.4) | 6 (21.4) | 0.012 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||
| Antifungal treatment (treated) (no. [%]) | 28 (71.8) | 16 (12.0) | 33 (70.2) | 77 (35.2)b | 0.000 |
| Voriconazole | 6 (21.4) | 5 (31.3) | 13 (39.4) | 24 (31.2) | 0.492 |
| Caspofungin | 1 (3.6) | 5 (31.3) | 1 (3.0) | 7 (9.1) | 0.018 |
| Amphotericin B | 3 (10.7) | 1 (6.3) | 6 (14.0) | 10 (13.0) | 0.638 |
| Voriconazole and anidulafungin | 17 (60.7) | 5 (31.3) | 11 (33.3) | 33 (42.9) | 0.116 |
| Voriconazole and caspofungin | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.0) | 1 (1.3) | NA |
| Voriconazole and amphotericin B | 1 (3.6) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0.999 |
| Time to diagnose CAPA (median [IQR] [days]) | 7 (4–15) | NA | 5 (2–15) | NA | NA |
| Length of stay in ICU (median [IQR] [days]) | 18 (13–30) | 21 (13–31) | 24 (13–42) | 21 (13–34) | 0.391 |
a
P value was calculated comparing proven/probable CAPA cases with controls where no evidence of CAPA was found and was considered significant when the P value was <0.05.
b
For one patient only positive for serum BDG, it was unknown which antifungal treatment was given.
c
Boldface type in the last column indicates statistical significance.
d
EORTC/MSGERC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.