Driver alterations in NS LUAD samples. (A) Distribution of driver alterations in NS samples across the three LUAD cohorts (Institutional, CPTAC, and TCGA). (B) The mutually exclusive or co-occurring set of somatic alterations in LUAD-related genes21 (somatic mutations + gene fusions + CNVs) and cancer predisposition genes with pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline variants (genes altered with germline variants in at least two samples in the Data Supplement) detected by performing pairwise Fisher's exact test. CNV, copy number variation; CPTAC, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; NS, never-smokers; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas.