Table 3.

Subgroup analyses of the effect of plant-based diets on bone mineral density at the femoral neck.

		Pooled results			Heterogeneity
Subgroups	No. of study/pts	MD	95% CI	P-value	I 2	Analytical effect model
Year
Before 2000	3/548	−0.05	−0.06 to −0.03	<.0001	0%	Fixed effect model
After 2000	8/10,954	−0.03	−0.05 to −0.01	.0003	59%	Random-effect model
Mean age
<50 yr	4/330	−0.07	−0.13 to −0.01	.02	61%	Random-effect model
≥50 yr	7/11,172	−0.03	−0.05 to −0.02	<.0001	55%	Random-effect model
Instruments
DXA	8/10,954	−0.03	−0.05 to −0.01	.0009	59%	Random-effect model
DPA	3/548	−0.05	−0.06 to −0.03	<.0001	0%	Fixed effect model
Ethnicity
Caucasians	5/9746	−0.05	−0.06 to −0.03	<.0001	49%	Fixed effect model
Asians	5/777	−0.03	−0.05 to −0.01	<.0001	45%	Fixed effect model
Gender
Female	10/10,656	−0.04	−0.05 to −0.03	<.0001	42%	Fixed effect model
Male	1/846	−0.02	−0.03 to 0.00	.08	–	–
Male / female	1/9416	−0.05	−0.07 to −0.03	<.0001	–	–
Quality
Moderate	4/1284	−0.02	−0.04 to −0.01	.004	34%	Fixed effect model
High	7/10,218	−0.04	−0.05 to −0.03	<.0001	46%	Fixed effect model
Sample size
≤100 pts	3/58	−0.09	−0.15 to −0.04	.001	37%	Fixed effect model
>100 pts	8/11,444	−0.03	−0.04 to −0.02	<.0001	46%	Fixed effect model

CI = confidence intervals, MD = mean difference.