Table 4.

Subgroup analyses of the effect of plant-based diets on bone mineral density at the whole body.

		Pooled results			Heterogeneity
Subgroups	No. of study/pts	MD	95% CI	P-value	I 2	Analytical effect model
Year
Before 2010	3/254	−0.04	−0.10 to 0.02	. 17	63%	Random-effect model
After 2010	3/601	−0.04	−0.07 to −0.00	.03	19%	Fixed effect model
Mean age
<50 yr	2/44	−0.06	−0.16 to 0.05	.32	76%	Random-effect model
≥50 yr	4/811	−0.03	−0.05 to −0.01	.02	0%	Fixed effect model
Quality
Moderate	2/44	−0.06	−0.16 to 0.05	.32	76%	Random-effect model
High	4/811	−0.03	−0.05 to −0.01	.02	0%	Fixed effect model
Instruments
DXA	5/363	−0.04	−0.06 to −0.01	.001	40%	Fixed effect model
DPA	1/492	0.00	−0.06 to 0.06	1.00	–	–
Ethnicity
Caucasians	4/153	−0.06	−0.09 to −0.02	.0007	29%	Fixed effect model
Asians	2/702	−0.02	−0.04 to 0.01	.27	0%	Fixed effect model
Sample size
≤100 pts	4/153	−0.06	−0.09 to −0.02	.0007	29%	Fixed effect model
>100 pts	2/702	−0.02	−0.04 to 0.01	.27	0%	Fixed effect model
Gender
Female	3/279	−0.05	−0.10 to −0.00	.04	60%	Random-effect model
Male/female	3/576	−0.02	−0.06 to 0.01	.19	25%	Fixed effect model

CI = confidence intervals, MD = mean difference.