| Category and type of disrespect and abuse during labor or delivery |
Experience |
| Physical abuse |
YES % |
NO% |
| Health provider physically hit or slapped, pinched /pushed mother |
83 (22.5) |
286 (77.5) |
| Health provider verbally insulted mother |
148 (40.1) |
221 (59.9) |
| Mother restricted from drinking any fluid unless medically necessitated |
46 (12.5) |
323 (87.5) |
| Birth attendant(s) pushed tummy down to deliver the baby (used fundal pressure) |
95 (25.7) |
274 (74.3) |
| Birth attendant(s) allowed mother to move around (ambulate) during the course of the labor |
143 (38.8) |
226 (61.2) |
| Non-confidential care |
| Health providers used curtains or other physical barriers to maintain privacy |
103 (27.9) |
266 (72.1) |
| Health providers discussed mother’s private health information such that others could hear it |
57 (15.4) |
312 (84.6) |
| Person(s) other than the care providers were allowed into the birthing room who could observe mother while naked on the bed |
74 (20.1) |
295 (79.9) |
| Non-consented care |
| rovider did not introduce themselves or greet mother |
207 (56.1) |
162 (43.9) |
| providers did not encourage the mother and her companion to ask questions |
196 (53.1) |
173 (46.9) |
| provider did not respond to mother’s question with politeness |
180 (48.8) |
189 (51.2) |
| provider did explain what was being done and what to expect during care |
176 (47.7) |
193 (52.3) |
| Health care provider did not obtain consent or permission before a procedure |
178 (48.2) |
191 (51.8) |
| Non-dignified care |
| Health care providers shouted at or scolded mother |
146 (39.6) |
223 (60.4) |
| Care provider blamed mother for getting pregnant or for shouting due to the pain of labor |
101 (27.4) |
268 (72.6) |
| care providers allowed mother’s companion into delivery room |
189 (51.2) |
180 (48.8) |
| Discrimination |
| Health care providers discriminated by age, ethnicity, religion, and/or being rural |
23 (6.2) |
346 (93.8) |
| Health care providers discriminated against mother because of HIV+ status |
14 (3.8) |
24 (6.5) |
| Abandonment/neglect of care |
| Mother left alone for a period of time without care provider nearby while were in labor |
110 (29.8) |
259 (70.2) |
| Mother gave birth alone because the care providers were not present |
17 (4.6) |
352 (95.4) |
| Mother encountered a life-threatening condition for which she shouted for help but could not get anyone reached you in time |
72 (19.5) |
297 (80.5) |
| Detention in a health facility |
| Mother was detained or confined in health facility against her will |
72 (19.5) |
297 (80.5) |
