Table 5.
Regression coefficients and 95% CI for effects of SNPs on glycemic, lipid, and obesity parameters (performed by multiple linear regression analysis).
| Gene | Fasting glucose | Insulin | HbA1c | Triglycerides | Total cholesterol | HDL | LDL | BMI (kg/m2) | Waist-to-hip ratio (cm) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNP | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted β† (95% CI) | p value |
| LDLR | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs5925 | ||||||||||||||||||
| TT | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | -0.04 (-0.15–0.06) | 0.38 | -0.01 (-0.14–0.12) | 0.86 | -0.02 (-0.12–0.08) | 0.66 | -0.02 (-0.13–0.08) | 0.60 | -0.01 (-0.12–0.09) | 0.84 | -0.004 (-0.11–0.10) | 0.93 | -0.004 (-0.12–0.11) | 0.94 | -0.08 (-0.18–0.02) | 0.13 | -0.13 (-0.26–0.001) | 0.05 |
| CC | 0.006 (-0.13–0.14) | 0.92 | 0.02 (-0.15–0.20) | 0.76 | 0.03 (-0.10–0.17) | 0.64 | -0.01 (-0.16–0.12) | 0.80 | 0.02 (-0.11–0.16) | 0.73 | 0.01 (-0.13–0.16) | 0.81 | 0.02 (-0.13–0.17) | 0.77 | -0.06 (-0.20–0.07) | 0.33 | -0.06 (-0.23–0.10) | 0.43 |
| rs688 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | -0.02 (-0.12–0.08) | 0.67 | 0.02 (-0.10–0.15) | 0.68 | 0.004 (-0.09–0.10) | 0.93 | -0.01 (-0.12–0.09) | 0.81 | 0.01 (-0.09–0.12) | 0.81 | 0.01 (-0.09–0.13) | 0.75 | 0.01 (-0.09–0.13) | 0.76 | -0.05 (-0.16–0.04) | 0.27 | -0.10 (-0.23–0.03) | 0.13 |
| TT | -0.01 (-0.16–0.13) | 0.83 | 0.002 (-0.18–0.19) | 0.98 | 0.006 (-0.13–0.15) | 0.93 | -0.03 (-0.17–0.11) | 0.64 | 0.006 (-0.13–0.15) | 0.93 | -0.008 (-0.16–0.14) | 0.91 | -0.008 (-0.16–0.14) | 0.91 | -0.09 (-0.23–0.04) | 0.19 | -0.09 (-0.26–0.08) | 0.29 |
| APOB | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs676210 | ||||||||||||||||||
| GG | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| AG | 0.02 (-0.07–0.13) | 0.58 | -0.002 (-0.13–0.13) | 0.97 | 0.004 (-0.09–0.10) | 0.92 | 0.01 (-0.08–0.12) | 0.71 | 0.02 (-0.08–0.12) | 0.69 | 0.01 (-0.09–0.12) | 0.75 | 0.008 (-0.10–0.12) | 0.88 | 0.02 (-0.07–0.12) | 0.68 | -0.01 (-0.14–0.11) | 0.80 |
| AA | 0.21 (0.01–0.41) | 0.03 | 0.14 (-0.09–0.39) | 0.23 | 0.17 (-0.01–0.37) | 0.07 | 0.13 (-0.07–0.34) | 0.20 | 0.17 (-0.03–0.38) | 0.10 | 0.17 (-0.03–0.39) | 0.10 | 0.17 (-0.05–0.40) | 0.13 | 0.20 (-0.01–0.43) | 0.07 | 0.24 (-0.04–0.53) | 0.09 |
| rs1042031 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | -0.14 (-0.26–-0.03) | 0.008 | -0.14 (-0.28–-0.01) | 0.03 | -0.14 (-0.25–-0.03) | 0.01 | -0.13 (-0.25–-0.02) | 0.01 | -0.12 (-0.23–-0.01) | 0.03 | -0.11 (-0.23–-0.001) | 0.04 | -0.12 (-0.24–-0.001) | 0.04 | -0.14 (-0.25–-0.03) | 0.01 | -0.25 (-0.38–-0.11) | <0.01∗ |
| TT | -0.01 (-0.25–0.21) | 0.88 | 0.19 (-0.26–0.29) | 0.89 | -0.06 (-0.29–0.16) | 0.58 | -0.04 (-0.28–0.20) | 0.74 | 0.02 (-0.22–0.27) | 0.84 | 0.006 (-0.24–0.26) | 0.95 | 0.03 (-0.22–0.29) | 0.80 | -0.02 (-0.27–0.21) | 0.82 | -0.01 (-0.28–0.25) | 0.88 |
| rs693 | ||||||||||||||||||
| GG | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||||
| AG | 0.003 (-0.09–0.10) | 0.94 | -0.02 (-0.15–0.09) | 0.66 | <0.01 (-0.09–0.10) | 0.98 | -0.01 (-0.12–0.08) | 0.72 | -0.02 (-0.13–0.07) | 0.60 | -0.03 (-0.14–0.07) | 0.53 | -0.02 (-0.13–0.08) | 0.68 | -0.04 (-0.14–0.05) | 0.41 | -0.06 (-0.18–0.06) | 0.34 |
| AA | 0.003 (-0.14–0.15) | 0.96 | 0.005 (-0.18–0.19) | 0.95 | 0.02 (-0.12–0.16) | 0.77 | -0.004 (-0.12–0.08) | 0.94 | -0.02 (-0.17–0.12) | 0.71 | -0.02 (-0.18–0.13) | 0.76 | -0.01 (-0.17–0.14) | 0.86 | 0.07 (-0.07–0.22) | 0.31 | 0.10 (-0.07–0.29) | 0.24 |
| ABCC8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs6544718 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | 0.01 (-0.09–0.12) | 0.74 | -0.04 (-0.17–0.09) | 0.56 | -0.001 (-0.10–0.10) | 0.98 | -0.03 (-0.13–0.07) | 0.57 | -0.03 (-0.14–0.07) | 0.55 | -0.02 (-0.13–0.08) | 0.66 | -0.01 (-0.12–0.10) | 0.83 | -0.03 (-0.14–0.06) | 0.48 | -0.04 (-0.18–0.09) | 0.52 |
| TT | 0.01 (-0.33–0.36) | 0.92 | -0.03 (-0.53–0.46) | 0.89 | 0.04 (-0.29–0.37) | 0.81 | -0.01 (-0.37–0.34) | 0.93 | 0.02 (-0.34–0.38) | 0.90 | 0.01 (-0.36–0.38) | 0.95 | -0.01 (-0.43–0.40) | 0.94 | 0.005 (-0.33–0.35) | 0.97 | -0.10 (-0.59–0.38) | 0.68 |
| rs6544713 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | 0.03 (-0.07–0.13) | 0.53 | 0.006 (-0.12–0.13) | 0.91 | 0.01 (-0.08–0.11) | 0.71 | 0.02 (-0.08–0.12) | 0.69 | 0.01 (-0.08–0.12) | 0.77 | 0.03 (-0.06–0.14) | 0.47 | 0.05 (-0.05–0.16) | 0.35 | 0.06 (-0.03–0.15) | 0.22 | 0.04 (-0.08–0.16) | 0.51 |
| TT | -0.002 (-0.16–0.15) | 0.97 | -0.01 (-0.21–0.18) | 0.87 | 0.01 (-0.13–0.17) | 0.82 | -0.05 (-0.22–0.10) | 0.48 | -0.04 (-0.20–0.12) | 0.61 | -0.02 (-0.19–0.15) | 0.81 | -0.02 (-0.19–0.15) | 0.80 | 0.007 (-0.16–0.18) | 0.93 | -0.01 (-0.24–0.21) | 0.90 |
| LPL | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs285 | ||||||||||||||||||
| TT | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | -0.009 (-0.12–0.10) | 0.86 | -0.04 (-0.18–0.10) | 0.57 | 0.001 (-0.10–0.11) | 0.97 | -0.007 (-0.12–0.10) | 0.89 | 0.004 (-0.11–0.12) | 0.93 | -0.002 (-0.12–0.11) | 0.96 | -0.007 (-0.13–0.11) | 0.90 | -0.05 (-0.17–0.05) | 0.30 | -0.10 (-0.24–0.02) | 0.12 |
| CC | -0.04 (-0.16–0.07) | 0.46 | -0.07 (-0.22–0.08) | 0.36 | -0.05 (-0.17–0.06) | 0.40 | -0.05 (0.18–0.06) | 0.37 | -0.05 (-0.17–0.07) | 0.43 | -0.05 (-0.18–0.08) | 0.45 | -0.04 (-0.18–0.08) | 0.50 | -0.12 (-0.25–-0.004) | 0.04 | -0.16 (-0.32–-0.01) | 0.03 |
| rs3735964 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| AC | -0.01 (-0.15–0.12) | 0.84 | 0.005 (-0.16–0.17) | 0.95 | -0.01 (-0.14–0.11) | 0.82 | -0.007 (-0.14–.13) | 0.91 | -0.01 (-0.14–0.12) | 0.87 | -0.03 (-0.18–0.11) | 0.65 | -0.02 (-0.17–0.12) | 0.77 | 0.06 (-0.06–0.19) | 0.31 | 0.09 (-0.06–0.26) | 0.25 |
| AA | -0.29 (-0.67–0.09) | 0.14 | -0.17 (-0.79–0.44) | 0.58 | -0.28 (-0.66–0.09) | 0.13 | -0.25 (-0.65–0.15) | 0.21 | -0.29 (-0.70–0.11) | 0.15 | -0.27 (-0.69–0.14) | 0.19 | -0.27 (-0.69–0.14) | 0.19 | 1 | 1 | ||
| rs13702 | ||||||||||||||||||
| TT | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | -0.07 (-0.17–0.02) | 0.15 | -0.10 (-0.23–0.02) | 0.12 | -0.07 (-0.17–0.02) | 0.14 | -0.02 (-0.13–0.07) | 0.63 | -0.03 (-0.14–0.07) | 0.54 | -0.03 (-0.15–0.07) | 0.49 | -0.04 (-0.16–0.06) | 0.42 | -0.01 (-0.12–0.08) | 0.70 | -0.02 (-0.16–0.10) | 0.65 |
| CC | -0.009 (-0.15–0.13) | 0.89 | -0.02 (-0.21–0.15) | 0.77 | -0.04 (-0.18–0.10) | 0.57 | -0.01 (-0.16–0.12) | 0.79 | -0.02 (-0.17–0.12) | 0.72 | -0.02 (-0.18–0.12) | 0.70 | -0.02 (-0.18–0.13) | 0.75 | 0.02 (-0.12–0.18) | 0.71 | 0.08 (-0.10–0.26) | 0.38 |
| HNF1A | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs2650000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| AC | -0.06 (-.16–0.03) | 0.18 | -0.08 (-0.20–0.04) | 0.20 | -0.06 (-0.16–0.02) | 0.16 | -0.07 (-0.17–0.02) | 0.12 | -0.10 (-0.20–-0.001) | 0.04 | -0.10 (-0.20–0.004) | 0.06 | -0.10 (-0.21–0.0007) | 0.05 | -0.007 (-0.10–0.09) | 0.88 | -0.02 (-0.14–0.10) | 0.73 |
| AA | -0.01 (-0.17–0.14) | 0.87 | 0.01 (-0.18–0.21) | 0.86 | 0.01 (-0.13–0.17) | 0.82 | 0.01 (-0.14–0.17) | 0.83 | <0.01 (-0.16–0.16) | 0.99 | -0.008 (-0.18–0.16) | 0.91 | 0.004 (-0.16–0.17) | 0.95 | <0.01 (-0.15–0.15) | 0.99 | 0.03 (-0.15–0.22) | 0.69 |
| APOE | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs429358 | ||||||||||||||||||
| TT | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | 0.05 (-0.05–0.17) | 0.31 | 0.03 (-0.10–0.17) | 0.62 | 0.04 (-0.06–0.15) | 0.43 | 0.06 (-0.04–0.18) | 0.23 | 0.04 (-0.07–0.16) | 0.46 | 0.07 (-0.04–0.19) | 0.23 | 0.06 (-0.05–0.18) | 0.29 | 0.04 (-0.06–0.15) | 0.42 | 0.05 (-0.09–0.19) | 0.48 |
| CC | 0.32 (-0.11–0.77) | 0.14 | 0.28 (-0.32–0.89) | 0.36 | 0.34 (-0.08–0.77) | 0.11 | 0.27 (-0.18–0.72) | 0.23 | 0.18 (-0.27–0.65) | 0.42 | 0.24 (-0.22–0.71) | 0.30 | 0.23 (-0.24–0.70) | 0.34 | 0.23 (-0.20–0.67) | 0.29 | 0.28 (-0.31–0.88) | 0.34 |
| rs7412 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | 0.01 (-0.14–0.16) | 0.88 | 0.05 (-0.12–0.23) | 0.55 | -0.01 (-0.16–0.13) | 0.85 | 0.01 (-0.13–0.16) | 0.83 | 0.02 (-0.13–0.18) | 0.73 | 0.01 (-0.14–0.17) | 0.82 | 0.02 (-0.13–0.18) | 0.76 | -0.001 (-0.14–0.13) | 0.98 | 0.01 (-0.16–0.19) | 0.88 |
| TT | -0.08 (-0.47–0.29) | 0.64 | -0.17 (-0.78–0.43) | 0.56 | -0.05 (-0.43–0.32) | 0.77 | -0.12 (-0.58–0.32) | 0.58 | -0.10 (-0.56–0.36) | 0.66 | -0.09 (-0.57–0.37) | 0.68 | -0.09 (-0.57–0.39) | 0.71 | 0.11 (-0.42–0.65) | 0.66 | 0.24 (-0.60–1.08) | 0.56 |
| HNF4A | ||||||||||||||||||
| rs1800961 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT | -0.05 (-0.21–0.10) | 0.48 | -0.11 (-0.31–0.09) | 0.28 | -0.05 (-0.21–0.10) | 0.52 | -0.01 (-0.17–0.14) | 0.84 | -0.009 (-0.17–0.15) | 0.91 | -0.02 (-0.19–0.14) | 0.80 | -0.01 (-0.18–0.15) | 0.84 | -0.05 (-0.21–0.09) | 0.45 | -0.07 (-0.26–0.12) | 0.46 |
| TT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Bold font indicates p < 0.05. ∗Indicates statistical significance after Bonferroni's correction (p < 0.003). †The regression coefficients with 95% CI were estimated by multiple linear regression models after controlling for age, sex, and smoking. Abbreviations: PD: periodontal disease; β: regression coefficient; CI: confidence interval; PPDi: interproximal probing pocket depth; CALi: interproximal clinical attachment level.