FIGURE 4.

Frequency (%) of different genotypes for alleles in the (a) Ldace1 and (b) Ldace2 gene in the Colorado potato beetle. Light shades show the frequency of homozygous non‐mutated sites, intermediate shades show the frequency of heterozygous sites, and dark shades show homozygous mutated sites. * indicates significant difference (p < .05) between populations. SS‐homozygous for G192S allele, SG‐heterozygous, GG‐homozygous, lacking G192S allele; YY‐homozygous for the F402 allele, YF‐heterozygous, FF‐homozygous, lacking the F402 allele in the Ldace1 gene. KK‐homozygous for R30K allele, RK‐heterozygous, RR‐homozygous lacking R30K allele; HH‐homozygous for Y54H allele, YH‐heterozygous, YY‐lacking the Y54H allele; GG‐homozygous for the OP resistance‐associated allele S291G, SG‐heterozygous, SS‐homozygous, lacking the S291G allele in the Ldace2 gene