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. 2021 Nov 3;11(22):16214–16227. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8302

TABLE 5.

The behavior of birds in response to the drone, broken down into groups of similar species

Group of species No of obs. %: code #0 %: code #1 %: code #2 %: code #3 %: code #4 %: code #5
Anser 65 41.5 9.2 0 13.8 35.8 0
Anas group a 24 41.6 37.5 0 12.5 8.3 0
Diving birds b 119 28.6 37.0 14.3 3.4 16.8 0
Gulls 36 88.8 5.6 0 5.6 0 0
Terns 28 75.0 3.8 0 10.7 0 10.7

Reaction codes – a bird: #0 – displayed no reaction; #1 – moved slowly away; #2 – dived; #3 – was flushed over a short distance but remained in the sample plot, or quickly returned; #4 – was scared away, exhibited a panic reaction, left the sample plot, and did not return; #5 – attacked the drone.

Bold values are adverse (unacceptable) reactions # 4 and # 5.

a

Ducks from the Anatini tribe consisted of the following genera: Anas, Mareca, and Spatula.

b

Group consisting of diving ducks from the genera Aythya, Bucephala, Melanitta, Mergus and Clangula, Coot Fulica atra, Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus, and Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo.