Fig. 2.

Retinal structure and vasculature. The retina is composed of multiple distinct layers, including the ganglion cells (RGC), IPL, INL, OPL, ONL, photoreceptor inner segments (PIS), photoreceptor outer segments (POS), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and Bruch’s membrane. The retina is supplied with two sets of vessels, including retinal and choroidal vasculatures. The retinal vasculature comprises superficial, intermediate and deep plexuses that are interconnected to vascularize the upper half of the retina. The bottom half of the retina is avascular