Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of parents from Shandong vs. Zhejiang province.
| Characteristics | Total | Shandong | Zhejiang | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 917) | (n = 443) | (n = 474) | ||
| COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy | 15.7 (144) | 11.7 (52) | 19.4 (92) | 0.001 |
| Age, years | 36.98 ± 5.85 | 37.28 ± 4.19 | 36.69 ± 7.05 | 0.263 |
| Male, sex | 32.5 (298) | 34.1 (151) | 31.0 (147) | 0.321 |
| Married | 93.2 (855) | 92.6 (410) | 93.9 (445) | 0.422 |
| Educational level >9 years | 52.1 (478) | 62.1 (275) | 42.8 (203) | <0.001 |
| Employed | 85.6 (785) | 86.9 (385) | 84.4 (400) | 0.277 |
| Medical workers | 6.2 (57) | 6.1 (27) | 6.3 (30) | 0.883 |
| Time worked per day, h | 8.72 ± 2.47 | 8.45 ± 1.97 | 8.97 ± 2.85 | <0.001 |
| Household income per year, RMB | 0.415 | |||
| <30,000 | 26.8 (246) | 25.1 (111) | 28.5 (135) | |
| ≥30,000 and <120,000 | 53.2 (488) | 58.9 (261) | 47.9 (227) | |
| ≥120,000 | 20.0 (183) | 16.0 (71) | 23.6 (112) | |
| Living areas | 0.024 | |||
| Urban | 40.7 (373) | 44.5 (197) | 37.1 (176) | |
| Rural | 59.3 (544) | 55.5 (246) | 62.9 (298) | |
| Number of children raised ≥2 | 71.5 (656) | 63.9 (283) | 78.7 (373) | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 infection history of the child | 0.3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.6 (3) | 0.094 |
| COVID-19 infection history of family member | 1.2 (11) | 1.6 (7) | 0.8 (4) | 0.306 |
| Children's vaccination history in the past 3 years | 43.6 (400) | 49.2 (218) | 38.4 (182) | 0.001 |
| Past adverse effects of children's vaccinations | 1.4 (13) | 0.5 (2) | 2.3 (11) | 0.017 |
| Attended lectures about COVID-19 vaccinations | 30.5 (280) | 32.7 (145) | 28.5 (135) | 0.163 |
| PACV | ||||
| Behavior | 0.39 ± 0.73 | 0.46 ± 0.71 | 0.32 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
| Safety and efficacy | 2.76 ± 2.05 | 2.46 ± 1.97 | 3.04 ± 2.09 | <0.001 |
| General attitudes | 6.83 ± 1.98 | 6.62 ± 1.74 | 7.02 ± 2.16 | <0.001 |
| Total score | 9.98 ± 3.28 | 9.55 ± 3.09 | 10.38 ± 3.41 | <0.001 |
| SSRS | ||||
| Objective support | 7.76 ± 2.73 | 7.81 ± 2.52 | 7.71 ± 2.91 | 0.333 |
| Subjective support | 25.67 ± 3.79 | 25.30 ± 3.20 | 26.01 ± 4.25 | <0.001 |
| Utilization of support | 7.34 ± 2.20 | 7.22 ± 2.28 | 7.45 ± 2.13 | 0.125 |
| Total score | 40.76 ± 6.68 | 40.33 ± 6.44 | 41.16 ± 6.88 | 0.081 |
Values are presented as means ± SD or percents (n). χ2 tests or Fisher exact tests were used for group differences of categorical variables, and Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables. COVID-19, the coronavirus disease 2019; PACV, Parental Attitudes toward Childhood Vaccines; SSRS, Social Support Rating Scale.