CXCL16 gene expression in human and murine brains and CNS cell types during RABV infection. (A)
CXCL16 gene expression in brain from non-rabid patients and rabid patients (from group 1 and 2). Comparison of CXCL16 expression in brains from non-rabid (control) patients (n = 12; 12 samples) from Cambodia (IPC38, IPC39, IPC40, IPC41, IPC42) and France (P448, P447, P465, P521, P552, P523, P524) and from rabid patients (n=12; 15 samples) from Cambodia (IPC02, IPC08, IPC12, IPC15, IPC18, IPC23, IPC24, IPC28, IPC34, IPC36), Senegal (IPS01), Moldavia (1900105, 1900106, 1900107), and Madagascar (IPM01). A detailed overview of the additional included human samples can be found in
Supplementary Table S5
. CXCL16 expression values (ΔCT) were compared by using an unpaired t-test. (B)
CXCL16 expression in non-infected control human CX (n=4) and BSC (n=8) samples. CXCL16 expression values (ΔCT) between CX (P447, P465, P523, P524) and BSC (IPC38, IPC39, IPC40, IPC41, IPC42, P448, P521, P552) were compared by using an unpaired t-test (p=0.072). (C)
Cxcl16 expression in the CX (n=6) and BSC (n=6) of non-infected mice. Cxcl16 expression values (ΔCT) between CX and BSC were compared by using a paired t-test (p=0.122). (D)
CXCL16 expression in human CNS cell types (n = 3) infected with RABV Tha (48 hours post-infection). Human CNS cell types (SK-N-SH, HMC3, SVGp12) were infected with Tha (MOI 5) and treated with IFN-α at 24 hours post-infection. (E)
Cxcl16 expression in murine neuroblastoma cells and cortical murine astrocytes (n=3) upon RABV Tha strain infection (48 hours post-infection). Murine CNS cell types were infected with Tha (MOI 5) and treated with IFN-α at 24 hours post-infection. Murine astrocytes were extracted from C57BL/6 wild type mice and their phenotype was validated by immunofluorescence and qPCR
(Supplementary Figure S8)
. (D, E) All cell culture experiments were performed in three independently replicates. Bars show average fold changed ± SD with a Tukey’s multiple comparison test (adjusted p-value ****< 0.0001, ***< 0.001, **< 0.01, *< 0.05). BSC, brainstem/cerebellum; CX, cortex; HMC3, human microglial cell line; mAstrocytes, cortical murine astrocytes; NI, non-infected; N2A, murine neuroblastoma cells; SK-N-SH, human neuroblastoma cell line; SVGp12, human astroglia cell line; ns, non-significant.