TABLE 4.
Variables related to exposure to COVID-19, and the existence of emotional distress, anxiety, and depression (HADS scale).
| Variables | HADS-T | HADS-A | HADS-D | p-HADS-T | p-HADS-A | p-HADS-D |
|
|
||||||
| Case (10–42) | Case (7–21) | Case (4–21) | ||||
| Previous COVID-19 infection: | ||||||
| • No (98) | 51 (52%) | 42 (42.9%) | 57 (58.2%) | NS | NS | NS |
| • Yes (6) | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | |||
| Living with a COVID-19-positive patient: | ||||||
| • No (98) | 51 (51%) | 42 (42.9%) | 57 (58.2%) | NS | NS | NS |
| • Yes (6) | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | |||
| Information level on COVID-19: | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (77) | 37 (48.1%) | 32 (41.6%) | 42 (54.5%) | NS | NS | NS |
| • Little/none (27) | 18 (66.7%) | 12 (44.4%) | 19 (70.4%) | |||
| Increased concern for/fear of: | ||||||
| • Tumor (53) | 24 (45.3%) | 19 (35.8%) | 29 (54.7%) | NS | NS | NS |
| • COVID-19 (19) | 10 (52.6%) | 8 (42.1%) | 9 (47.4%) | |||
| • Both equally (32) | 21 (65.6%) | 17 (53.1%) | 23 (71.9%) | |||
| Death or admission of family member/close friend: | ||||||
| • Yes (36) | 23 (63.9%) | 18 (50%) | 25 (69.4%) | NS | NS | NS |
| • No (68) | 32 (47.1%) | 26 (38.2%) | 36 (52.9%) | |||
| Increased prevention of COVID-19 infection as an oncology patient: | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (83) | 50 (60.2%) | 41 (49.4%) | 54 (65.1%) | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| • Little/none (21) | 5 (23.8%) | 3 (14.3%) | 7 (33.3%) | |||
| Family/social support: | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (98) | 51 (52%) | 41 (41.8%) | 56 (57.1%) | NS | NS | NS |
| • Little/none (6) | 4 (66.7%) | 3 (50%) | 5 (83.3%) | |||
| Worsened financial situation: | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (25) | 20 (80%) | 14 (56%) | 21 (84%) | 0.002 | NS | 0.003 |
| • Little/none (79) | 35 (44.3%) | 30 (38%) | 40 (50.6%) | |||
| Support provided by religion: | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (42) | 26 (61.9%) | 22 (52.4%) | 30 (71.4%) | NS | NS | 0.029 |
| • Little/none (62) | 29 (46.8%) | 22 (35.5%) | 31 (50%) | |||
| Support provided by relaxing therapies: | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (10) | 7 (70%) | 8 (80%) | 7 (70%) | NS | 0.011 | NS |
| • Little/none (94) | 48 (51.1%) | 36 (38.3%) | 54 (57.4%) | |||
| Media exposure | ||||||
| • A lot/considerable (>2 times per day) (57) | 31 (54.4%) | 29 (50.9%) | 36 (63.2%) | NS | 0.05 | NS |
| • Little/none (≤1 time per day) (47) | 24 (51.1%) | 15 (31.9%) | 25 (53.2%) | |||
Descriptive and univariate analysis using Chi-square distribution. HADS-T, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Combined subscales [as “case” we considered cutoff of 10 (0–9 vs. 10–42)]. HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale [as “case” we considered cutoff of 7 (0–6 vs. 7–21)]. HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale [as “case” we considered cutoff of 4 (0–3 vs. 4–21)]. BZD, benzodiazepines; AD, anti-depressants. NS, no significant (p < 0,05). The bold values represent statistical significance.