Table 3.
Results of the panel data analysis
| 2014, 2018 and 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | p-value | |
| Year, 2014 | ||
| 2018 | − 0.036 | < 0.001 |
| 2019 | 0.023 | < 0.001 |
| (2019 vs 2018) | 0.059 | < 0.001 |
| Age group: ≤ 30 | ||
| 31–55 | − 0.016 | 0.042 |
| > 55 | − 0.051 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 0.015 | 0.069 |
| Ethnicity: white | ||
| Black/Mestizo | 0.017 | 0.095 |
| Others | 0.006 | 0.380 |
| Marital: married/cohabiting | ||
| Single | 0.003 | 0.786 |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | − 0.020 | 0.013 |
| Education: primary/lower | ||
| Secondary | 0.028 | < 0.001 |
| Technical or higher | 0.032 | 0.001 |
| Occupation: employed | ||
| Self-employed | 0.017 | 0.020 |
| Unemployed/others | − 0.008 | 0.326 |
| Urban | − 0.005 | 0.504 |
| Assets tertile: poor | ||
| Middle | − 0.009 | 0.186 |
| Rich | 0.011 | 0.095 |
| Health insurance: EPS (contributory) | ||
| EPS (subsidised) | − 0.006 | 0.390 |
| No insurance/others | − 0.005 | 0.608 |
| Alcohol consumption (hazardous use) | 0.014 | 0.096 |
| Smoking (moderate to high dependency) | − 0.010 | 0.637 |
| Hospitalisation | − 0.088 | < 0.001 |
| Sickness | − 0.065 | < 0.001 |
| Conflict level: no | ||
| Lightly affected | − 0.019 | 0.013 |
| Heavily affected | − 0.037 | < 0.001 |
| (heavily vs lightly) | − 0.018 | 0.055 |
Bold numbers indicate the coefficients that are statistically significant at p = 0.05 level