TABLE 1.
Time course of immune cells present in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) following LPS or NaCl challenge in DBA/1 mice.
| Challenge: | NaCl (control) | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time points post challenge | Pool (n = 20) | 5 h (n = 8) | 24 h (n = 16) | 48 h (n = 16) | 72 h (n = 7–8) | |
| Abs number (×103 cells/BAL) | ||||||
| CD11blow FSChigh | Alveolar macrophages | 19.4 ± 2.9 | 16.6 ± 2.7 | 46.3 ± 13.1* | 38.7 ± 10.2 | 40.5 ± 9.6* |
| CD11b+ cells (Myeloid cells) | Neutrophils | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 281.0 ± 61.4**** | 352.3 ± 29.2**** | 53.0 ± 8.3**** | 1.7 ± 0.3**** |
| Inflammatory macrophages | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.5*** | 19.1 ± 3.6**** | 21.4 ± 3.1**** | 7.8 ± 1.4**** | |
| CD11b− cells (Lymphoid cells) | NK cells | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.1**** | 9.9 ± 1.6**** | 6.1 ± 1.1**** | 1.7 ± 0.4**** |
| T cells | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.1*** | 6.2 ± 0.8**** | 10.7 ± 2.1**** | 4.3 ± 0.9**** | |
| B cells | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 1.6** | 1.8 ± 0.4**** | 0.2 ± 0.0* | |
| pDCs | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 3.4 ± 0.9*** | 1.7 ± 0.6** | 0.1 ± 0.0**** | |
| DCs | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.4* | 1.8 ± 0.2** | 1.3 ± 0.2 | |
Note. Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced by LPS nebulization in male DBA/1 mice, and flow cytometry analysis of BAL immune infiltrates was performed 5, 24, 48, and 72 h after LPS challenge (n = 7–16 mice per time point). Control mice received a nebulization of NaCl 0.9% (n = 20 mice; all time points were pooled). The gating strategy for all immune populations is illustrated in Supplementary Figure S1A. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus control mice using Student t-test.