Table 1.

PICOS strategy considered in the systematic literature review

Population	Adults (over 18 years old) with HIV/AIDS or adults considered eligible for HIV prevention or screening programmes
Intervention	Any type of performance-based payment model
Comparator	No additional payment model (e.g. existing standard of care)
Outcomes	Clinical outcomes, both process (e.g. proportion of HIV patients in antiretroviral therapy) and result outcomes (e.g. proportion of HIV patients with supressed viral load)
	Financial outcomes (e.g. mean cost per treated patient, mean cost per provider or patient included in the payment model)
Study design	Any study regardless of the methodology used (e.g. qualitative study, quantitative study, mixed methods study) published from 2008 onwards