Fig. 2. Dissection and clustering of T cells in MPE patients.

a t-SNE plots of T cells within each cell type, color-coded by T cell subsets. b Heatmap of selected T cell marker genes in each T cell subset. c Frequencies of T cell subsets in MPE and blood according to the t-SNE plot using scRNA-seq data. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Comparisons were made using two-tailed paired Student’s t test. Blood, n = 5 samples; MPE, n = 5 samples. d Diffusion map of CD8⁺ T cell functional state transitions. DC diffusion component. e Diffusion map of CD4⁺ T cell functional state transitions. DC diffusion component. f Bar plots summarizing the distributions of expanded TCRs between given two clusters. TCR T cell receptor. g The Kaplan–Meier overall survival curves of TCGA LUAD patients grouped by the gene signature of exhausted-c1 (upper panel) or exhausted-c1 and Tfh (lower panel). The high and low groups are divided by the median value of the mean expression of signature gene after normalization by T cell fractions estimated by CIBERSORT. The statistical significance was calculated using two-sided log-rank test.