Fig. 3.

F. nucleatum increases the accumulation of CD8⁺ IFN-γ⁺ TILs during treatment with an anti-PD-L1 mAb. a, b CT26.WT cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with PBS or F. nucleatum by intratumoral injection and intraperitoneally injected with an anti-PD-L1 mAb or an isotype control mAb. a, c Flow cytometry was used to detect CD8⁺ cells in tumor tissues from mice and the proportion of IFN-γ⁺ cells in CD8⁺ cells. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. b–d CT26.WT cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with PBS or F. nucleatum by garvage and intraperitoneally injected with an anti-PD-L1 mAb or an isotype control mAb. c, d Flow cytometry was used to detect CD8⁺ cells in tumor tissues from mice and the proportion of IFN-γ⁺ cells in CD8⁺ cells is shown. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. e Tumor-bearing mice were intraperitoneally injected with an anti-CD8 mAb or an isotype control mAb, then mice were treated with PBS or F. nucleatum by intratumoral injection and intraperitoneally injected with an anti-PD-L1 mAb or an isotype control mAb. An image of tumors collected at the end of the experiment is shown. f, g Tumor volumes and relative tumor volumes at various time points are shown. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. Bars, s.d. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Fn, F. nucleatum