Table 2.

Incidence of explosive blast injury in patients presenting with ocular injury during modern conflict.

Study first author	Year	Details of conflict	Date of conflict	Patients with eye injuries (n)	Incidence of blast injury
Mader	1993	US forces injured during Operation Desert Storm	1991	160	78%
Lashkari	1995	Iran–Iraq war	1980–1988	4622	83%
Berger	2002	South Lebanese conflict	1992–1997	41	87%
Mader	2006	Iraqi insurgency	2004	207	82%
Weichel	2008	US forces injured during Operations Iraqi & Enduring Freedom	2003–2006	523	79%
Mansour	2009	Lebanon civil war	1975–1991	544	82%
Thomas	2010	Iraq and Afghanistan conflict	2001–2003	1246	92%
Blanch	2011	British forces injured in Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts	2004–2008	63	86%
Barak	2011	Second Lebanon war	2006	69	80–90%a
Gendler	2015	Israeli Defence Force	1997–2013	129	67%
Ozal	2015	Syrian civil war	2012–2013	39	60%
Gundogan	2015	Turkish armed forces injured during insurgent attacks	2003–2013	48	96%
Islam	2016	Pakistani armed forces	2010 – 2014	120	83%
Naqvi	2017	Pakistani armed forces	2012–2016	210	54%
Seck	2017	Senegalese armed forces	1991–2005	37	86%
Breeze	2019	Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts	2003–2011	5719	71%

^aExcluded from pooled analysis due to inaccuracy.