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. 2021 Nov 18;12:6664. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26992-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic representation of the stress protocol and legend of bacterial phylum and family. Taxonomy plots of 16S rRNA sequencing of the ileal (b), cecal (c), or colonic (d), contents of naive (n = 4), starved (food and water deprived, n = 4), and restraint-stress (n = 4) exposed mice. Analysis of the proportional change in species abundance seen following restraint stress in the ileum (e), cecum (f), or colon (g). Change was calculated based on the relative proportional change of species abundance in stress mice, compared to the species abundance in the starved control. Shannon diversity index and principal component analysis of ileal (h), cecal (i), or colonic (j), 16S rRNA sequencing from naive (n = 4), starved (n = 4), and stress (n = 4) mice. PCA plots display a 95% confidence interval in the ileum, and 80% confidence interval in the cecum and colon. For Shannon diversity index, significance between starved and stressed mice p = 0.0002 was determined by one-way ANOVA. Box plot represents median and 25th and 75th percentiles—interquartile range; IQR—and whiskers extend to maximum and minimum values, adjusted for multiple comparisons (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001).