Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Nov 18;12:6664. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26992-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — a Schematic representation of infection and stress protocol. b RT-qPCR analysis of cytokine expression of the ileum of naive starved (n = 7), naive stressed (n = 8), AIEC-colonized starved (n = 8), AIEC-colonized stressed (n = 8) samples. Significance was determined by a two-way ANOVA, not corrected for multiple comparisons, IL-10, p < 0.0001; TNF, p = 0.031; IFN-γ, p = 0.0032; IL-23, p < 0.0001; IL-17A, p = 0.0004; IL-17F, p = 0.0383. c RT-qPCR analysis of RNA expression for genes associated with barrier function in the ileum of AIEC-colonized starved and stressed mice. Significance was determined by a two-way ANOVA, not corrected for multiple comparisons (n = occludin (c16, s16); cldn2 (c16, s16); muc1 (c12, s12); muc2 (c12, s12); muc3 (c12, s12); muc4 (c12, s12);GATA4 (c16, s16)). GATA4, p < 0.0001; Muc4, p = 0.0294. d Paracellular permeability determined by chromium passage through a 1 cm ileal segment collected from naive (n = 8) or AIEC-colonized (n = 12) mice subjected to starvation or restraint stress. Significance was determined by a two-way ANOVA, not corrected for multiple comparisons, control (naive):stress (naive), p = 0.0362; control (infected):stress (infected), p = 0.0003; stress (naive):stress (infected), p = 0.0346. e Liver LPS concentration, represented as Endotoxin Units per gram tissue, was quantified within AIEC-colonized starved (n = 4) and stressed (n = 4) mice. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney, p = 0.0286. f Bacterial burdens in the liver were enumerated in AIEC-colonized starved (n = 12) or stressed (n = 12) mice. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney, p = 0.0240. g RT-qPCR analysis of TLR-4 RNA expression in the ileum of AIEC-colonized starved (n = 12) or stressed (n = 12) mice. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney, p = 0.0056. h RT-qPCR analysis of IL-6 RNA expression in the ileum of AIEC-colonized starved (n = 8) or stressed (n = 8) mice. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney, p = 0.0070. i Representative FACS plots of CD45⁺CD11b⁺GR1⁺ cells. Percentage of CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ cells from the total population of CD45⁺ cells isolated from ileal lamina propria cells collected from starved (n = 10) and stressed (n = 12) mice as determined by flow cytometry. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney, p = 0.0040. j Number of GR1⁺ cells as determined by immunohistochemistry. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.0286. (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001). Error bars represent SEM and the line in CFU graphs indicates the geometric mean of the group.