Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, and correlations among all study variables.
| Variables | M±SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Gendera | – | 1 | |||||||
| 2. Age | 19.52±1.38 | 0.00 | 1 | ||||||
| 3. Family Incomeb | – | 0.00 | −0.10*** | 1 | |||||
| 4. Academic Performancec | – | 0.11*** | 0.05** | 0.07** | 1 | ||||
| 5. Positive Perfectionism | 19.40±5.78 | 0.25*** | −0.04* | 0.05** | 0.15*** | 1 | |||
| 6. Negative Perfectionism | 44.91±16.40 | 0.11*** | −0.04 | 0.00 | 0.07*** | 0.56*** | 1 | ||
| 7. Grit | 26.55±4.33 | 0.05* | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.16*** | 0.28*** | −0.11*** | 1 | |
| 8. Depression | 34.31±8.05 | 0.00 | 0.06** | −0.07** | −0.08*** | −0.03 | 0.43*** | −0.36*** | 1 |
a
male=1, female=0; b mean the range of the participants’ Family Income; c means the range of participants’ Academic Performance (which were represented by average academic score in college).
b
below ¥1,000=1, ¥1,000–¥3,000=2, ¥3,000–¥6,000=3, ¥6,000–¥10,000=4, ¥10,000–¥15,000=5, ¥15,000–¥20,000=6, beyond ¥20,000=7;
c
average academic score 0–59=1, 60–69=2, 70–79=3, 80–89=4, 90–100=5. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001.