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. 2021 Nov 5;9:726513. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726513

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Physiological cell death pathways in a trophoblast cell and the associated nutrition required in maintaining cellular wellness. In a physiological state, the following cell death mechanisms occur in a trophoblast in order to ensure appropriate invasion: (1) apoptosis and (2) autophagy.