Table 1.
Prevalence of male gender, age categories and 29 conditions/diseases contributing to the COVID-19 Vulnerability Score (CVS); for each listed contributor, the outcome incidence among the exposed people, the OR (and 90% CI) and the corresponding weight of the contribution to CVS are reported
| Number (%) | Number of outcome events | Incidence every 10 000 | OR* | 90% CI* | Weight† | |
| Male gender | 3 797 636 (49.6) | 6849 | 18.0 | 3.07 | 2.95 to 3.19 | 11 |
| Age ≤45 | 3 111 426 (40.6) | 271 | 0.9 | 1.00 | Reference | 0 |
| Age 46–59 | 2 305 062 (30.1) | 1435 | 6.2 | 5.95 | 5.36 to 6.62 | 18 |
| Age 60–69 | 1 222 310 (16.0) | 2506 | 20.5 | 15.62 | 14.09 to 17.32 | 27 |
| Age 70–79 | 1 016 704 (13.3) | 4948 | 48.7 | 27.64 | 24.96 to 30.61 | 33 |
| HIV infection | 31 300 (0.4) | 154 | 49.2 | 1.52 | 1.33 to 1.74 | 4 |
| Other infectious and parasitic diseases | 42 422 (0.6) | 443 | 104.4 | 1.37 | 1.26 to 1.49 | 3 |
| Malignancies | 177 024 (2.3) | 1073 | 60.6 | 1.42 | 1.35 to 1.50 | 4 |
| Diabetes without insulin therapy | 278 785 (3.6) | 1419 | 50.9 | 1.60 | 1.53 to 1.68 | 5 |
| Insulin therapy | 101 996 (1.3) | 973 | 95.4 | 2.35 | 2.21 to 2.49 | 9 |
| Obesity | 16 571 (0.2) | 103 | 62.2 | 1.34 | 1.13 to 1.58 | 3 |
| Disorders of fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance | 8576 (0.1) | 135 | 157.4 | 1.29 | 1.11 to 1.49 | 3 |
| Gout | 164 428 (2.2) | 1518 | 92.3 | 1.57 | 1.50 to 1.66 | 5 |
| Coagulation defects | 3603 (0.1) | 36 | 99.9 | 1.41 | 1.07 to 1.85 | 3 |
| Anaemias | 613 430 (8.0) | 2228 | 36.3 | 1.51 | 1.45 to 1.58 | 4 |
| Dementia/Alzheimer | 12 671 (0.2) | 145 | 114.4 | 1.26 | 1.09 to 1.46 | 2 |
| Psychosis | 138 034 (1.8) | 684 | 49.6 | 1.94 | 1.80 to 2.08 | 7 |
| Depression | 588 688 (7.7) | 1729 | 29.4 | 1.35 | 1.29 to 1.42 | 3 |
| Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism | 40 885 (0.5) | 274 | 67.0 | 1.21 | 1.09 to 1.34 | 2 |
| Epilepsy and recurrent seizures | 122 171 (1.6) | 510 | 41.7 | 1.37 | 1.26 to 1.48 | 3 |
| Other diseases of the nervous system and sense organs | 35 495 (0.5) | 253 | 71.3 | 1.26 | 1.13 to 1.40 | 2 |
| Ischaemic heart disease/angina | 91 539 (1.2) | 845 | 92.3 | 1.18 | 1.11 to 1.26 | 2 |
| Heart failure | 21 840 (0.3) | 428 | 196.0 | 1.30 | 1.18 to 1.43 | 3 |
| Vascular diseases | 14 936 (0.2) | 217 | 145.3 | 1.17 | 1.04 to 1.32 | 2 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 35 205 (0.5) | 333 | 94.6 | 1.12 | 1.02 to 1.23 | 1 |
| Hypertension | 796 044 (10.4) | 3136 | 39.4 | 1.20 | 1.15 to 1.25 | 2 |
| Coronary and peripheral vascular disease | 658 737 (8.6) | 2668 | 40.5 | 1.75 | 1.68 to 1.82 | 6 |
| Oral anticoagulant agents | 144 713 (1.9) | 1221 | 84.4 | 1.39 | 1.32 to 1.47 | 3 |
| COPD/asthma | 20 034 (0.3) | 268 | 133.8 | 1.15 | 1.03 to 1.28 | 1 |
| Liver cirrhosis and other liver chronic diseases | 29 484 (0.4) | 177 | 60.0 | 1.31 | 1.16 to 1.49 | 3 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 109 (0.2) | 371 | 216.8 | 1.32 | 1.20 to 1.46 | 3 |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissues | 106 747 (1.4) | 353 | 33.1 | 1.10 | 1.00 to 1.20 | 1 |
| Chronic pain | 191 442 (2.5) | 1007 | 52.6 | 1.28 | 1.21 to 1.36 | 2 |
| Corticosteroids | 935 246 (12.2) | 2588 | 27.7 | 1.62 | 1.55 to 1.68 | 5 |
| Individuals without any of the 29 conditions above listed | 4 600 012 (60.1) | 1350 | 2.9 | – | – | – |
The analysis was based on the cohort of 7 655 502 beneficiaries of the Lombardy Region Health Service for at least 2 years, who on 21 February 2020 were alive, aged between 18 and 79 years and did not reside in a nursing home. During the first epidemic wave (until June 2020), this cohort experienced 9160 severe (intensive care unit admitted and mechanically ventilated via intubation) and/or fatal outcomes. The average incidence rate during the first wave was therefore 12.0 cases per 10 000 people at risk.
*OR, and 90% CI, estimated by multivariable logistic regression. ORs measured the strength of the association between the presence/absence of each of the listed contributors and the outcome odds.
†Weights were obtained from the coefficients of the logistic model; the latter were converted into scores by multiplying them by 10 and rounding them to the nearest whole number.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.