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. 2021 Nov 19;242:20–37. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.007

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© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig 6 — Effects of MERS-CoV mRNA vaccines with or without nucleoside modification on adaptive immune responses using RBD-mRNA as an example. The figures compare the MERS-CoV RBD-mRNA-induced germinal center (GC) B cell (A) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell (B) responses in lymph nodes, as well as IgG antibody (Ab) (C) and neutralizing Ab (D) titers in sera, from BALB/c mice immunized with LNP-encapsulated RBD-mRNA with or without nucleoside modification. Percentages of pseudoU are shown in each figure. Significant differences between 100% pseudoU of RBD-mRNA and the other groups are indicated. Ctrl, empty LNPs. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)