Table 1.
Demographics and prehospital data
| Non-survivors, n=195 | Survivors, n=195 | P value | |
| Demographics (%) | |||
| Male | 106 (54) | 106 (54) | >0.99 |
| Mean age (SD) | 78 years (±13) | 76 years (±12) | 0.20 |
| Surgery within 30 days | 29 (15) | 27 (14) | 0.77 |
| Immunosuppression | 60 (31) | 45 (23) | 0.09 |
| Charlson (update weight) (SD) | 3.2 (2.99) | 2.3 (2.36) | 0.01 |
| Patients with any limitation of level of care before admission (%) | 28 (14) | 4 (2) | <0.01 |
| EoLC | 2 (1) | 0 | 0.50 |
| No ICU | 17 (9) | 2 (1) | <0.01 |
| No CPR | 27 (14) | 4 (2) | <0.01 |
| First prehospital contact site (%) | |||
| Phone to NHG | 14 (7) | 60 (31) | <0.01 |
| Phone to a PHCC | 79 (41) | 33 (17) | <0.01 |
| Patient visit to a PHCC | 22 (11) | 28 (14) | 0.36 |
| No prehospital contact | 80 (41) | 74 (38) | 0.53 |
| Multiple prehospital contacts (≥2) (%) | 64 (33) | 41 (21) | 0.01 |
| Reason for first prehospital contact (number) (%) | n115 | n121 | |
| Fever | 44 (38) | 43 (36) | 0.67 |
| Chills | 13 (11) | 13 (11) | 0.89 |
| ‘Found on the floor’ | 4 (3) | 0 | 0.04 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 16 (14) | 23 (19) | 0.29 |
| Cough | 3 (3) | 13 (11) | 0.01 |
| Dyspnoea/breathing difficulties | 23 (20) | 15 (12) | 0.11 |
| Urinary tract symptoms | 14 (12) | 22 (18) | 0.20 |
| Rapid deterioration in general condition | 47 (41) | 29 (24) | <0.01 |
| Fatigue | 3 (3) | 15 (12) | <0.01 |
| Time from first prehospital contact to admission, hours, median (Q1–Q3) | 13 (5.9–51.6) n113 | 7.2 (3.3–24) n119 | <0.01 |
| Phone to NHG | 4 (1.0–8.7) n13 | 3.6 (1.3–7.3) n58 | 0.64 |
| Phone to a PHCC | 24 (6.8–72) n78 | 12.5 (5.9–24) n33 | 0.06 |
| Visit to a PHCC | 11 (6.6–77) n22 | 12.5 (6.4–66) n28 | 0.75 |
| Time from first prehospital contact to admission, intervals (%) | n193 | n193 | |
| 0–6 hours | 29 (15) | 49 (25) | 0.01 |
| 6–12 hours | 26 (14) | 30 (16) | 0.56 |
| 12–24 hours | 12 (6) | 21 (11) | 0.10 |
| >24 hours | 46 (24) | 19 (10) | <0.01 |
| No prehospital contact | 80 (41) | 74 (38) | 0.53 |
Data are presented as no. (%) or mean (SD).
Pearson χ2, Fisher’s exact test or t-test, as appropriate. P values <0.05 are shown in italics. Time indications are calculated with median, interquartile 25th to 75th percentile range (Q1–Q3) and Mann-Whitney U. Reason for first prehospital contact: more than one reason possible.
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EoLC, end-of-life care; ICU, intensive care unit; NHG, national healthcare guide; PHCC, primary healthcare centre.