Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2021 Nov-Dec;83(9):959–968. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001009

Figure 2. Placebo vs. propranolol effects across time on (a) negative, high arousal emotions, (b) PEP, and (c) sAA.

Figure 2.

Marginal means and standard errors depicted but see Tables 2 and 4 for significant effects. Note that lower PEP represents shorter (faster) periods of cardiac contractility, consistent with greater SNS activity.