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. 2021 Nov 15;13(11):1551–1560. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1551

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Main resistance mechanisms in targeted treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; IL1: Interleukin 1.