Table 1.
Protein markers in exosome-based tumor diagnosis
| Tumor category | Protein markers in exosome | Change in tumorigenesis |
|---|---|---|
| colorectal cancer | Copine III [11] | up-regulation |
| CD147 [12] | up-regulation | |
| pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | GPC-1 [13, 14] | up-regulation |
| Gastric cancer | HER-2/neu, EMMPRIN, MAGE-1, C-MET [15] | up-regulation |
| TRIM3 [16] | down-regulation | |
| Prostate cancer | PSA [17] | up-regulation |
| ephrinA2 [18] | up-regulation | |
| survivin [19] | up-regulation | |
| melanoma | (phospho)Met [20] | up-regulation |
| caveolin-1 [21] | up-regulation | |
| Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) | MMP-9, DKP4, EMMPRIN, PODXL [22] | Expression alone in the tumor derived exosomes |
| non-small-cell lung carcinoma | EGFR, KRAS, claudins and RAB-family proteins [23] | up-regulation |
| CD151, CD171 and tetraspanin 8 [24] | up-regulation |