Table 1.

Drug-induced cough and possible mechanisms reported in the literature

Drug	Route of administration	Clinical manifestation	Possible mechanisms
ACEI	Oral	Dry cough	Impaired degradation of bradykinin and substance P which mediated by ACE, causing enhanced cough reflex, accumulation of AA derivatives, nitric oxide production
Sitagliptin	Oral	Cough, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, wheeze	May aggravate underlying allergic conditions
Calcium channel blocker	Usually oral	Cough with or without reflux symptoms	May aggravate underlying reflux conditions
Fentanyl	IV	Cough, bronchoconstriction (usually in perioperative settings)	May inhibit central sympathetic tone and increase vagal tone
Latanoprost	Ophthalmic	Dry cough	Absorption of PGF2-α may enhance cough reflex in central nerve systems
Miscellaneous:
Topiramate	Oral	Dry cough	Unknown
Phenytoin	Oral, IV	Nocturnal dry cough	Unknown
Methotrexate	Oral	Dry cough	Unknown
Mycophenolate mofetil	Oral	Dry cough	Unknown
Omeprazole	Oral	Dry cough, worsened at night	Unknown