. 2021 Sep 15;7(6):2389–2398. doi: 10.1002/vms3.609

TABLE 3.

Effects of AA administration on TI duration and number of TI induction (mean ± SE) at different times in pigeons subjected to transport stress

Indices	Groups	Times (h)			p Value
Indices	Groups	3 h PT	24 h PT	72 h PT	Group	Time	Group × Time
TI duration (s)	Ctrl^–	41.40 ± 5.69^a	31.30 ± 5.05^a	30.40 ± 5.71^a	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Ctrl⁺	145.20 ± 7.83^b	84.70 ± 5.43^b	36.10 ± 5.64^a
	1DBS16	136.30 ± 12.38^b	68.30 ± 4.35^c	40.40 ± 5.53^a
	1DBS10	133.20 ± 7.21^b	68.10 ± 4.70^c	37.00 ± 2.08^a
	3DBS16	103.30 ± 4.60^c	69.30 ± 6.87^c	44.10 ± 4.19^b
	3DBS10	96.50 ± 7.07^c,d	68.80 ± 6.42^c	32.40 ± 2.51^a
	7DBS16	99.01 ± 9.54^c,d	48.20 ± 4.69^d	27.70 ± 2.08^a
	7DBS10	79.70 ± 4.44^d	54.10 ± 5.64^c,d	30.00 ± 3.14^a
Number of TI induction	Ctrl^–	0.80 ± 0.09^a	0.80 ± 0.13^a	0.80 ± 0.10^a,b	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Ctrl⁺	2.30 ± 0.13^b	1.60 ± 0.14^b	1.00 ± 0.09^a
	1DBS16	2.00 ± 0.21^b	1.30 ± 0.12^b	1.00 ± 0.14^a
	1DBS10	2.10 ± 0.97^b	1.10 ± 0.15^a	0.90 ± 0.13^a,b
	3DBS16	1.80 ± 0.18^b,c	1.20 ± 0.17^a	0.90 ± 0.12^a,b
	3DBS10	1.70 ± 0.23^c	1.00 ± 0.10^a	0.90 ± 0.21^a,b
	7DBS16	1.40 ± 0.18^c	0.90 ± 0.11^a	0.80 ± 0.30^a,b
	7DBS10	1.30 ± 0.32^c	1.10 ± 0.13^a	0.60 ± 0.21^b

AA: ascorbic acid; Ctrl^–: negative control; Ctrl⁺: positive control; 1DBS16: AA treated at dose of 16 g/100 L from 1 day before transport stress; 1DBS10: AA treated at dose 10 g/100 L from 1 day before transport stress; 3DBS16: AA‐supplemented at dose 16 g/100 L from 3 days before transport stress; 3DBS10: AA‐supplemented at dose 10 g/100 L from 3 days before transport stress; 7DBS16: AA‐supplemented at dose 16 g/100 from 7 days before transport stress; 7DBS10: AA‐supplemented at dose 10 g/100 from 7 days before transport stress; BT: before transport; h PT: h post‐transport; TI: tunic immobility. Different superscript letters indicate significant differences in column among different groups (p < 0.05).