Table 4.
Imaging findings.
| Jilaihawi et al. (13) | Yoon et al. (8) | Liao et al. (19) | Fan et al. (20) | Forrest et al. (23) | Ielasi et al. (22) | MD or OR | 95% CI | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAV morphology | Type 0 n = 21 | Type 1# n = 74 | Not specified n = 546 | Not specified n = 87 | Type 0 n = 56 | Type 1 n = 27 | Type 0 n = 14 | Type 1 n = 136 | Type 0 n = 25 | Type 1 n = 218 | |||
| Echocardiography | |||||||||||||
| Mean aortic gradient (mmHg) | 50.3 ± 14.3 | 50.8 ± 15.9 | 49.7 ± 17.7 | 65.4 ± 20.1 | 56.3 ± 25.7 | 51.7 ± 12.5 | 48.1 ± 9.7 | 50.0 ± 16.0 | 46.0 ± 10.4 | 49.2 ± 16.8 | −1.3 | −4.3, 1.7 | 0.39 |
| AVA (cm2) | 0.60 ± 0.24 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.70 ± 0.20 | NA | 0.50 ± 0.18 | 0.57 ± 0.23 | 0.70 ± 0.10 | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 0.67 ± 0.22 | 0.69 ± 0.23 | −0.07 | −0.12, −0.03 | <0.01 |
| Moderate/severe AR—no. (%) | NA | NA | NA | 12 (13.8) | 6 (10.7) | 5 (18.5) | NA | NA | 4 (16.0) | 46 (21.1) | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.5 | 0.28 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | NA | NA | 51.6 ± 15.0 | 55.0 ± 19.6 | 55.2 ± 15.2 | 58.1 ± 9.2 | NA | NA | 48.8 ± 15.5 | 54.2 ± 13.2 | −3.9 | −8.0, 0.1 | 0.06 |
| MDCT | |||||||||||||
| Aortic root angle (degree) | 50.1 ± 10.6 | 50.8 ± 11.4 | NA | NA | 52.8 ± 9.8 | 52.7 ± 8.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | −0.2 | −3.4, 3.0 | 0.90 |
| Calcium score (mm3) | 546.3 ± 645.6 | 391.3 ± 283.5 | NA | 654.8 ± 406.1 | 995.1 ± 781.4 | 919.2 ± 343.4 | 491.5 ± 425.2 | 817.2 ± 563.8 | NA | NA | −36.7 | −332.0, 258.7 | 0.81 |
| Moderate/severe aortic valve calcium—no. (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13 (52.0)* | 155 (71.1)* | NA | NA | NA |
| Annulus area (mm2) | 434.4 ± 92.7* | 505.0 ± 93.3* | NA | 459.3 ± 136.4 | 462.0 ± 118.8 | 442.1 ± 75.2 | NA | NA | 547.2 ± 133.2 | 509.2 ± 107.3 | −5.0 | −71.0, 60.9 | 0.88 |
| Annular perimeter (mm) | 75.0 ± 8.1* | 80.9 ± 7.5* | NA | 78.0 ± 9.5 | 77.8 ± 9.6 | 76.3 ± 5.9 | NA | NA | 83.4 ± 10.8 | 81.4 ± 8.9 | −0.8 | −5.8, 4.2 | 0.75 |
| STJ diameter (mm) | 33.5 ± 6.0 | 32.0 ± 4.2 | NA | 30.8 ± 3.9 | 31.8 ± 3.7 | 28.7 ± 4.1 | NA | NA | 31.0 ± 3.6 | 30.0 ± 4.3 | 1.9 | 0.5, 3.2 | <0.01 |
| STJ height (mm) | 26.4 ± 5.1 | 24.4 ± 4.8 | NA | NA | 24.5 ± 5.4 | 21.8 ± 5.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2.4 | 0.6, 4.1 | <0.01 |
| AAo diameter at 4 cm (mm) | 38.8 ± 5.8 | 37.7 ± 5.0 | NA | NA | 38.9 ± 3.4 | 37.1 ± 2.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.7 | 0.6, 2.8 | <0.01 |
| Max AAo diameter (mm) | 42.5 ± 6.4 | 40.5 ± 6.5 | NA | NA | 43.9 ± 4.0 | 39.2 ± 2.8 | NA | NA | 36.6 ± 4.0 | 36.8 ± 5.4 | 2.2 | −1.2, 5.6 | 0.21 |
| Left coronary height (mm) | 15.5 ± 4.3 | 14.5 ± 3.6 | NA | 14.1 ± 3.5 | 17.2 ± 3.9 | 15.3 ± 2.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.6 | 0.6, 2.7 | <0.01 |
| Right coronary height (mm) | 17.9 ± 2.9 | 17.1 ± 3.7 | NA | 15.3 ± 3.1 | 17.5 ± 4.3 | 15.8 ± 3.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.2 | 0.1, 2.3 | 0.04 |
Values are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or n (%).
Functional (or tricommisural) BAV not included;
indicated statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between type 0 and type 1 within the study.
AVA, aortic valve area; AR, aortic regurgitation; AAo, ascending aorta; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, Confidence Interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MD, Mean Difference; NYHA, New York Heart Association; NA, not applicable; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM, permanent pacemaker; STJ, sino-tubular junction; STS PROM, society of thoracic surgeons predicted risk of mortality; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Bold values indicated statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between type 0 and type 1 in pooled analysis.