Table 2.

Associations between HIV‐1 DNA levels in CD4 cells and tested HIV‐1 DNA predictors

Predictor	Incidence rate ratio (Expβ)	p	Effect of ART delay on incidence rate ratio (β(cell*age at ART start))	p	N
Senescent CD4 cells, %	1.23 [1.21–1.26]	<0.001	0.99 [0.99–1.00]	<0.001	35
Senescent CD8 cells, %	0.98 [0.97–0.99]	<0.001	0.99 [0.99–1.00]	<0.001	35
Activated CD4 cells, %	7.29 [6.58–8.09]	<0.001	1.03 [1.02–1.04]	<0.001	35
Activated CD8 cells, %	3.67 [3.49–3.85]	<0.001	0.94 [0.94–0.94]	<0.001	35
TREC levels/105 PBMC	0.74 [0.72–0.76]	<0.001	1.00 [0.99–1.00]	n.s.	37
TREC levels/105 CD4 cells	1.05 [1.00–1.09]	n.s.	0.95 [0.94–0.95]	<0.001	36
TREC levels/105 CD8 cells	0.77 [0.76–0.79]	<0.001	0.94 [0.94–0.94]	<0.001	37
Relative telomere length in PBMC	0.65 [0.59–0.71]	<0.001	0.90 [0.89–0.91]	<0.001	37
Relative telomere length in CD4 cells	0.15 [0.13–0.17]	<0.001	0.90 [0.89–0.92]	<0.001	36
Relative telomere length in CD8 cells	0.57 [0.52–0.62]	<0.001	1.05 [1.03–1.08]	<0.001	35

Note: Incidence rate ratio coefficients (Expβ) and their interaction with age at ART start (Cell*age at ART start) were calculated using the multivariable Poisson regression model. These regression models fit a log‐linear relationship. Predictors with a positive association with HIV‐1 DNA have an Expβ coefficient above 1; those with an inverse association have an Expβ coefficient below 1.

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; TREC, T‐cell receptor rearrangement excision circle.