Fig. 2. Path to provoking and gauging human aggressive behavior.

(A) In a between-subjects design, participants were exposed to an odorant (HEX or control) and then played a game where their online partner was unfair toward them in monetary distribution (provocation) and then another game where they could blast that same (nonexistent) person with noise blasts (aggression discharge). (B) Complete distribution of noise blasts applied in the study by men (n = 67) and women (n = 60) under HEX or control (yellow = mild, purple = harsh). The colors of the buttons on the response box were added here for illustration clarity.