Table 2.
Systematic search of outcomes related to reaching, grasping and manipulation.
| Measurement Tool | Scale |
|---|---|
| Functional Independence Measure (FIM)76,77 | Number of Items=18, 13 motor and 5 socio-cognitive subscales, scored from 1 (total dependence) to 7 (total independence) |
| Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP)36 | Sensation: Number of Items=3 locations for dorsal and 3 locations for palmar side of each hand-scored from 0 to 4 Strength: Number of Items=10 arm & hand muscle for each arm scored from 0 to 5 Prehension: Number of Items=3 grasping, 6 prehension tasks for each arm divided to prehension ability subscale scored from 0 to 4 and prehension performance subscale scored from 0 to 5 |
| Grasp Release Test (GRT)78,79 | Number of Items=6, Subjects grasp, move and release six different objects as many times as possible in three 30-s trials for each object. Three objects have to be manipulated with palmar grasp and three objects with lateral grasp. The number of attempts, completions and failures are registered. |
| Quadriplegia Index of Function (QIF)80 | Number of Items=37, the functional performance categories are scored on a 5-point scale from 0 (dependent) to 4 (independent) |
| Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM)62,81 | Number of Items=19, Item response categories vary from item to item; ranging from 0–2 to 0-15, Scores are derived by adding up the items producing a total score (0 to 100) and/or subscale scores (self-care: 0-20; respiration and sphincter management: 0-40; mobility 0-40) |
| Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Hand Function Test (TRI-HFT)82 | Number of Items=14, 10 manipulation items, using palmar and lateral pinch grasp scored from 1 to 7, where each item is scored in each of the 3 positions except the mug and the zip lock bag which are not scored in supination. 4 Strength Items, using items with dynamometers to measure lateral grip force and circular grip force, Strength test is scored using Newtons |
| The Van Lieshout Test Short Version (VLT-SV)83,84 | Number of Items=10, scored on a 6-point scale from 0 (task was not possible) to 5 (highest level of accomplishment), Individual item scores take into account the 1) ability to complete the task; 2) behavioral quality of performance (e.g./accuracy of task completion); and 3) independence in performing the task without using external support (e.g./assistance of the contralateral arm) |