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Lidocaine-induced inflammation tolerance alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury. LPS leads to upregulation of tissue factor (TF) and MMP-2/9 via the TLR4-ASK1-p38 signaling pathway and results in endothelial injury, a hypercoagulable state in the blood vessels, and robust inflammatory infiltration in the lung. Lidocaine pretreatment activates AMPK/SOCS3 axis, which induces inflammatory tolerance and alleviates acute lung injury in mice.
