Table 2.
Coronary angiographic and procedural characteristics.
| 110 patients | |
|---|---|
| Left main complex, n (%) | 3 (2.7%) |
| Left anterior descending, n (%) | 29 (26.4%) |
| Left circumflex, n (%) | 30 (27.3%) |
| Right coronary artery, n (%) | 45 (40.9%) |
| Other vessels, n (%) | 5 (4.5%) |
| In-stent restenosis, n (%) | 9 (8.2%) |
| Type B2/C lesion, n (%) | 107 (97.3%) |
| Eccentric lesion, n (%) | 85 (77.3%) |
| Diffuse lesion, n (%) | 96 (87.3%) |
| Lesion angulation ≧ moderate, n (%) | 17 (15.5%) |
| Proximal tortuosity ≧ excessive, n (%) | 67 (8.7%) |
| Calcified lesion, n (%) | 54 (49.1%) |
| Thrombus laden, n (%) | 2 (1.8%) |
| Bifurcation, n (%) | 41 (37.3%) |
| Ostial lesion, n (%) | 6 (5.5%) |
| Chronic total occlusion, n (%) | 49 (44.5%) |
|
| |
| Sheath size | |
| 6-french, n (%) | 52 (47.3%) |
| 7-french, n (%) | 24 (21.8%) |
| 8-french, n (%) | 34 (30.9%) |
|
| |
| Approach site | |
| Femoral, n (%) | 71 (64.5%) |
| Radial, n (%) | 38 (34.5%) |
| Brachial, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) |
| Imaging device, n (%) | 24 (21.8% |
| IVUS, n (%) | 104 (94.5%) |
| OCT, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) |
| Debulking device, n (%) | 4 (0.5%) |
| Directional coronary atherectomy, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Rotational atherectomy, n (%) | 24 (21.8%) |
| Excimer laser coronary atherectomy, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
|
| |
| Perforation classification | |
| Type I, n (%) | 5 (4.5%) |
| Type II, n (%) | 28 (25.5%) |
| Type III, n (%) | 12 (10.9%) |
| Type IV, n (%) | 2 (1.8%) |
| Type V, n (%) | 63 (57.3%) |
|
| |
| Perforation site | |
| Main vessel distal, n (%) | 43 (39.1%) |
| Main vessel middle, n (%) | 11 (10.0%) |
| Branch vessel distal, n (%) | 23 (20.9%) |
| Branch vessel middle, n (%) | 5 (4.5%) |
| Septal collateral channel, n (%) | 8 (7.3%) |
| Nonseptal collateral channel, n (%) | 20 (18.2%) |
|
| |
| Cause of perforation | |
| Guidewire, n (%) | 97 (88.2%) |
| Balloon, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) |
| IVUS, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Stent, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Microcatheter, n (%) | 4 (3.6%) |
| Directional coronary atherectomy, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Rotational atherectomy, n (%) | 7 (6.4%) |
| Excimer laser coronary atherectomy, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Reference diameter of perforated vessel (mm) | 0.91 ± 0.34 |
| Covered stent, n (%) | 3 (2.7%) |
| Protamine sulfate, n (%) | 61 (55.5%) |
| Cardiac tamponade, n (%) | 7 (6.4%) |
| Pericardiocentesis, n (%) | 7 (6.4%) |
| Surgical repair, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Intra-aortic balloon pumping, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) |
| Impella, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| The number of microcoils, n | 4.52 ± 4.13 |
| Coiling success, n (%) | 108 (98.2%) |
Values are expressed as numbers (%) or means (±SD). Type B2/C, according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification system; IVUS, intravascular ultrasound; OCT, optical coherent tomography.