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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 18.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2021 Oct 28;81(22):4635–4649.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.017

Figure 7. Proposed model of polyamine translocation mediated by ATP13A2.

Figure 7.

(A) Polyamine-transport cycle of ATP13A2. All displayed structures were experimentally observed in this study. Gray arrows indicate major movements of the cytosolic domains (with respect to the previous state). (B) Putative model for the polyamine-translocation mechanism of ATP13A2. Schematics for the TMD are shown. Late endosomal and lysosomal membranes are known to have a membrane potential (ΔΨ) of ~20 to 60 mV (positive in the lumen). We note that the exact protonation states of ATP13A2 (acidic amino acids in the substrate cavity) and the exiting polyamine molecule are unknown.