Figure 2.

Intradermal inoculation with LNPs complexed with noncoding poly-cytosine mRNA leads to an inflammatory milieu

(A) Experimental design. The mice were treated as indicated, and 24 h later, the skin samples were prepared for Luminex and bulk RNA-seq analyses.

(B and C) Luminex data summarizing inflammatory chemokines and cytokines induced by the LNPs.

See also Figure S2.

(D) Heatmap of gene expression changes triggered by the LNPs (FDR <0.05, log2 FC > 1–4091 genes).

(E) Volcano plot summarizing the up- and downregulated genes upon LNP injection.

(F) GSEA analyses of the KEGG pathways and displayed as normalized enrichment score (NES). FDR<0.05. Pathways with NES less than ±2 are not displayed. N = 4.