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. 2021 Oct 15;48(12):8171–8180. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06785-0

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

A simplified scheme of maternal circulating levels of the major adipokines involved in physiological and GDM pregnancies. Several adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, resistin and visfatin, are involved in the regulation of maternal metabolism and gestational insulin resistance. Insulin resistance associated with physiological pregnancy is further improved in GDM