Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the COPD patients and their caregivers.
| COPD patients | COPD caregivers | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients (%) | 150 | 127 | – |
| BMI | 24.14 (4.67) kg/m2 | 20.97 (3.19) kg/m2 | < 0.01 |
| Male | 104 (69.33%) | 48 (37.79%) | 0.12 |
| Mean age | 61.56 (8.3) | 49.38 (8.5) | < 0.01 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Malay | 37 (24.66%) | 32 (25.91%) | 0.54 |
| Chinese | 65 (43.33%) | 62 (48.81%) | 0.67 |
| Tamil | 44 (29.33%) | 31 (24.40%) | 0.34 |
| Others | 4 (2.66%) | 2 (2.06%) | 0.09 |
| Working status | |||
| Retired | 29 (19.33%) | 14 (14.43%) | 0.25 |
| Full time | 96 (64.0%) | 95 (74.80%) | 0.12 |
| Part-time | 25 (16.67%) | 18 (14.17%) | 0.67 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smokers | 19 (12.66%) | 49 (38.58%) | < 0.01 |
| Ex-smoker | 107 (71.33%) | 18 (14.17%) | < 0.01 |
| Never smoker | 24 (16%) | 60 (47.24%) | < 0.01 |
| Years with COPD | 6.7 (5.23) | – | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||
| CCI | 2.3 (1.4) | 0.52 (0.35) | < 0.001 |
| Post-bronchodilator spirometry | |||
| FEV1% | 53.74 (12.84) | ||
| FEV1/FVC | 51.36 (11.14) | ||
| Medication | |||
| LABA | 103 (68.66%) | ||
| LAMA | 94 (62.66%) | ||
| ICS | 47 (31.33%) | ||
| Exercise capacity | |||
| 6MWT in meters | 421.5 (65.28) | ||
| Percentage of patients according to severity of COPD | |||
| GOLD grade I | 25 (16.60) | ||
| GOLD grade II | 44 (29.33) | ||
| GOLD grade III | 53 (35.33 | ||
| GOLD grade IV | 28 (18.67) | ||
| Exacerbations | |||
| Hospitalization | 46 (30.67%) | ||
| Exacerbation per year | 1.27 (1.4) | ||
| Hospital stay days | 4.9 (4.8) | ||
Results were displayed as mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage) unless otherwise stated.
BMI, Body mass index in kg/m2; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1%, % predicted FEV1; GOLD 1, FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted; GOLD II, FEV1 50% to 80% predicted; GOLD III, FEV1 30% to 50% predicted; GOLD IV, FEV1 < 30% predicted; ICS; Inhaled Corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting beta agonist; LAMA, long acting muscarinic antagonist.