Table 2.
Hazard ratio of hemodialysis, hospitalization, and mortality in patients with CKD stages 3–5 in the pay for performance program in the cox model with competing risks.
| Variables | HD | Hospitalization | Mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR | 95% CI | P | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | P | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | P | |
| P4P | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.775 | 0.755–0.807 | < .001* | 0.800 | 0.775–0.824 | < .001* | 0.804 | 0.775–0.833 | < .001* |
| CKD stage | |||||||||
| 3 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 4 | 1.888 | 1.118–2.124 | < .001* | 2.011 | 1.317–2.628 | < .001* | 2.436 | 1.359–3.190 | < .001* |
| 5 | 3.033 | 4.049–4.172 | < .001* | 2.789 | 1.662–3.849 | < .001* | 4.498 | 2.599–7.066 | < .001* |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 0.919 | 0.899–0.939 | < .001* | 0.871 | 0.850–0.891 | < .001* | 1.203 | 1.165–1.240 | < .001* |
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| < 50 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 50–59 | 1.151 | 1.089–1.217 | < .001* | 0.919 | 0.874–0.967 | .001* | 1.019 | 0.938–1.109 | 0.831 |
| 60–69 | 1.279 | 1.133–1.347 | < .001* | 0.932 | 0.889–0.978 | .012* | 1.191 | 1.101–1.288 | < .001* |
| 70–79 | 1.455 | 1.383–1.530 | < .001* | 0.944 | 0.902–0.988 | .019* | 1.766 | 1.639–1.900 | < .001* |
| 80–89 | 1.380 | 1.311–1.452 | < .001* | 0.784 | 0.747–0.821 | < .001* | 1.819 | 1.689–1.960 | < .001* |
| ≥ 90 | 0.997 | 0.925–1.074 | .674 | 0.450 | 0.413–0.492 | < .001* | 1.444 | 1.307–1.594 | < .001* |
| DM | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.916 | 0.890–0.944 | < .001* | 1.177 | 1.137–1.219 | < .001* | 0.854 | 0.820–0.890 | < .001* |
| HT | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.787 | 0.763–0.800 | < .001* | 0.304 | 0.294–0.314 | < .001* | 0.503 | 0.486–0.521 | < .001* |
| Hospitalization | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.437 | 0.393–0.487 | < .001* | 0.710 | 0.639–0.789 | < .001* | 0.107 | 0.077–0.151 | < .001* |
| Stroke | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 1.006 | 0.958–1.057 | .702 | 0.982 | 0.929–1.038 | 0.265 | 1.242 | 1.167–1.322 | < .001* |
| CAD | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 1.047 | 0.999–1.084 | .050 | 0.997 | 0.960–1.037 | 0.478 | 1.051 | 0.998–1.102 | 0.052 |
| HF | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.975 | 0.937–1.012 | .124 | 0.896 | 0.857–0.936 | < .001* | 1.163 | 1.104–1.225 | < .001* |
| PVD | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.915 | 0.878–0.955 | .003* | 0.674 | 0.641–0.710 | < .001* | 0.999 | 0.947–1.056 | 0.624 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 1.478 | 1.418–1.540 | < .001* | 1.072 | 1.029–1.118 | .007 | 1.446 | 1.370–1.528 | < .001* |
| Chronic liver disease | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 1.179 | 1.133–1.228 | < .001* | 1.000 | 0.958–1.045 | 0.612 | 0.825 | 0.774–0.879 | < .001* |
| Dementia | |||||||||
| Without | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| With | 0.789 | 0.727–0.855 | < .001* | 0.655 | 0.593–0.725 | < .001* | 0.714 | 0.636–0.801 | < .001* |
Adjusted HR: Adjusted variables listed in the table.
*P < 0.05; statistical significance.
Abbreviations CAD = coronary artery disease; CI = confidence interval; CKD = chronic kidney disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; HD = hemodialysis; HR = hazard ratio; HT = hypertension; HF = heart failure; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; P4P = pay for performance program.