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. 2021 Nov 19;11:22624. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02050-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Effect of MAP infection on oxidative stress level in Caco-2 monolayers in the presence of excess level (500 ng/mL) of 5-HT following 24 h of incubation. Total nuclei are stained with DAPI in blue (A–D). DHE positive cells are stained in red (E–H), and merged cells are presented in pink (I–L). (B) Quantitative corrected DHE fluorescence integrated density from control and treated groups. Values were pre-tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test. Significance among experiments was assessed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni correction test. All DHE fluorescence staining experiments were performed in triplicates. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. *P value < 0.05 compared to no treatment control. ^#P value < 0.05 compared to no treatment control, MAP, and 5-HT values.