Figure 1.
Cytopathic effects and virus yields of G47Δ in human EC cell lines
(A) Cells were seeded onto six-well plates at 2 × 105 cells/well or onto 96-well plates at optimal cell density. After an overnight incubation, the cells were infected with G47Δ (MOI of 0.01 or 0.1 or mock). The cell viability was determined daily either by counting surviving cells with a Coulter Counter or by the CellTiter96 Aqueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay. The percentage of surviving cells is expressed as a percentage of mock-infected controls. G47Δ exhibited good cytopathic effects at an MOI of 0.1 in all human esophageal cancer cell lines examined. Data are presented as the mean of triplicates ±SD. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test was used to determine statistical significance (∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns, not significant; versus mock-infected controls). (B) Cells were seeded onto six-well plates at 3 × 105 cells/well. Triplicate wells were infected with G47Δ at an MOI of 0.01. At 24 or 48 h after infection, cells were collected and progeny virus was titered on Vero cells. The dotted line shows the assumed titer of administered G47Δ per well. Vero cell line was used as a control. In all cell lines tested, G47Δ showed good replication capabilities by 48 h after infection. The results presented are the mean of triplicates ±SD.