Fig. 5.
The time-course changes of cell growth, levoglucosan consumption, ethanol production, and inhibitors concentration in the fermentation tests. E. coli LGE-ycfR was grown under the IC50 of individual and combined inhibitors identified for the non-overexpression strain E. coli LGE2 (defined as CK). IC50 denotes the inhibitor concentration inhibiting 50% of the cell growth obtained by cultures in the absence of inhibitors. Panel A cells were grown in the presence of acetic acid; Panel B cells were grown in the presence of furfural; Panel C cells were grown in the presence of phenol; Panel D cells were grown in the presence of combined inhibitors; Panel E inhibitors' concentrations before and after the fermentation. Cell densities YcfR, LG YcfR, and EtOH YcfR, denote the cell density, levoglucosan concentration, and ethanol concentration exhibited by E. coli LGE-ycfR, while Cell densities CK, LG CK, and EtOH CK, denote those values exhibited by the non-overexpression strain E. coli LGE2.