Table 1.

Differential diagnosis associated with different causes of hypoglycaemia in humans and dogs.

Causes of hypoglycemia	Human [7,[54], [55], [56]]	Dog [38,40,42,57]
Excessive insulin production	Endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (congenital hyperinsulinism, islet cell hyperplasia associated with bariatric surgery)	Islet hyperplasia
Excessive IGF production	Extra-pancreatic tumours (including leiomyosarcoma and liver tumors)	Extra-pancreatic tumours ((including leiomyosarcoma and liver tumors)
Altered metabolism of glucose	Liver disease	Liver disease
	Hypoadrenocorticism	Hypoadrenocorticism
	Hypothyroidism (severe)
	Congenital enzyme deficiencies (glycogen storage disease type Ia and type III)	Congenital enzyme deficiencies (glycogen storage disease type Ia and type III)
	Growth hormone and corticotropin deficiency	Growth hormone deficiency
	Fanconi syndrome (renal loss of glucose)	Hunting dog hypoglycemia
Drug-induced	Excessive insulin administration	Excessive insulin administration
	Excessive sulfonylurea administration and pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia	Excessive administration of sulfonylurea, xylitol, aspirin, or beta-blockers
Factitious	Laboratory artefacts (incorrect anticoagulant/delayed separation of serum)	Laboratory artefacts (incorrect anticoagulant/delayed separation of serum)
Systemic disease	Severe polycythemia	Severe polycythemia
	Malnutrition	Malnutrition