Figure 2.

MDSCs promote proliferation and VM formation of B16-F10 cells in vitro

(A) Representative CFSE histograms of co-cultured cells (B16-F10 and MDSCs) showing that the MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice dose dependently promoted the VM of B16-F10 cell line.

(B) Statistical analysis of the ratio of proliferating cells.

(C) Representative fields of tube formation of B16-F10 with or without MDSCs of different concentrations.

(D) Statistical analysis of the relative tube number to evaluate the ability of VM formation for B16-F10 cells.

(E) Living cell tracing for the co-culture of B16 cells labeled by GFP and MDSCs labeled by CM-DiI.

(F) SEM image of VM showing that the co-culture of MDSCs and B16 promoted vascular mimicry and extracellular matrix secretion.

(G) Immunofluorescence staining showing the expression of VM marker VE-cadherin.

(H) Representative image of Transwell invasion assay. (I) Statistical analysis of the relative number of invaded cells. All statistical data are represented as mean ± SEM. Unpaired Student’s t test was done for statistical analyses. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.