Table 3.
Variables | # of studies | Pooled ES | L95 | U95 | P-value | I2 | Meta-regression p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 8 | − 0.41 | − 0.61 | − 0.20 | < 0.001 | 32% | |
Disease | |||||||
Cancer | 1 | −0.45 | − 1.05 | 0.15 | |||
Other | 7 | −0.41 | − 0.65 | − 0.18 | 0.001 | 41% | |
Baseline depression level | 0.926 | ||||||
Mild to moderate | 5 | −0.42 | − 0.72 | − 0.11 | 0.007 | 44% | |
Moderately severe to severe | 3 | −0.43 | −0.75 | − 0.11 | 0.009 | 26% | |
Level of guidance | 0.840 | ||||||
Guided | 5 | −0.37 | −0.62 | − 0.13 | 0.002 | 26% | |
Self-directed | 3 | −0.49 | − 0.96 | − 0.02 | 0.042 | 56% | |
Mode of delivery | 0.840 | ||||||
Face to face | 5 | −0.37 | −0.62 | − 0.13 | 0.002 | 26% | |
Not face to face | 3 | −0.49 | − 0.96 | − 0.02 | 0.042 | 56% | |
Provider | 0.840 | ||||||
Professional | 5 | −0.38 | −0.63 | − 0.14 | 0.002 | 28% | |
Self-directed | 3 | −0.5 | − 0.98 | − 0.02 | 0.042 | 58% | |
Format | |||||||
Individual | 6 | −0.33 | − 0.55 | − 0.11 | 0.004 | 25% | |
Group | 2 | −0.65 | −1.01 | − 0.28 | 0.001 | 0% | |
Duration of Intervention | 1.000 | ||||||
< 300 min | 4 | −0.47 | − 0.85 | − 0.09 | 0.016 | 58% | |
≥ 300 | 4 | −0.41 | − 0.66 | − 0.16 | 0.002 | 0% | |
Control Group | |||||||
Active | 2 | − 0.70 | −1.52 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 64% | |
Not active | 6 | −0.33 | − 0.51 | − 0.15 | < 0.001 | 10% | |
Methodological Quality | |||||||
Low | 1 | −0.49 | −1.03 | 0.04 | 0.072 | ||
Moderate | 7 | −0.41 | − 0.64 | − 0.17 | 0.001 | 40% | |
Length of Intervention | 0.858 | ||||||
< 3 months | 5 | − 0.43 | − 0.70 | − 0.17 | 0.001 | 15% | |
≥ 3 months | 3 | −0.41 | −0.81 | − 0.02 | 0.042 | 60% | |
Depression Self-Management Skills | |||||||
Decision-making | 0.016* | ||||||
No | 3 | −0.75 | −1.08 | − 0.42 | < 0.001 | 0% | |
Yes | 5 | −0.23 | −0.41 | − 0.05 | 0.011 | 0% | |
Problem-solving | |||||||
No | 2 | −0.90 | −1.31 | − 0.48 | < 0.001 | 0% | |
Yes | 6 | −0.26 | −0.43 | − 0.09 | 0.003 | 0% | |
Resource Utilization | |||||||
No | 7 | −0.31 | − 0.47 | − 0.15 | < 0.001 | 0% | |
Yes | 1 | −1.13 | −1.85 | −0.41 | 0.002 | ||
Partnerships with HCPs | |||||||
No | 7 | −0.49 | −0.70 | − 0.28 | < 0.001 | 4% | |
Yes | 1 | −0.16 | − 0.4 | 0.08 | 0.197 | ||
Taking Action | 0.020* | ||||||
No | 3 | −0.75 | −1.08 | − 0.42 | < 0.001 | 0% | |
Yes | 5 | −0.23 | −0.41 | − 0.05 | 0.011 | 0% | |
Behavioural Activation | 1.000 | ||||||
No | 4 | −0.47 | −0.85 | − 0.09 | 0.016 | 58% | |
Yes | 4 | −0.41 | −0.66 | − 0.16 | 0.002 | 0% | |
Cognitive Restructuring | 0.297 | ||||||
No | 3 | −0.61 | −1.06 | − 0.16 | 0.008 | 34% | |
Yes | 5 | −0.32 | −0.53 | − 0.11 | 0.003 | 21% | |
Self-monitoring | 0.694 | ||||||
No | 5 | −0.45 | −0.71 | − 0.19 | 0.001 | 12% | |
Yes | 3 | −0.38 | −0.78 | 0.02 | 0.065 | 57% | |
Health Habits | 0.283 | ||||||
No | 4 | −0.25 | −0.45 | −0.05 | 0.014 | 0% | |
Yes | 4 | −0.56 | −0.93 | − 0.19 | 0.003 | 49% | |
Communicating about Depression | |||||||
No | 7 | −0.34 | − 0.53 | −0.14 | 0.001 | 17% | |
Yes | 1 | −0.78 | −1.29 | −0.27 | 0.003 | ||
Social Support | 0.279 | ||||||
No | 3 | −0.23 | −0.43 | −0.02 | 0.036 | 0% | |
Yes | 5 | −0.53 | −0.82 | − 0.23 | < 0.001 | 33% | |
Relaxation | 0.212 | ||||||
No | 3 | −0.21 | − 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.053 | 0% | |
Yes | 5 | −0.53 | − 0.82 | − 0.25 | < 0.001 | 32% | |
Self-tailoring | 0.747 | ||||||
No | 4 | −0.47 | − 0.80 | − 0.14 | 0.005 | 34% | |
Yes | 4 | −0.37 | −0.67 | − 0.07 | 0.015 | 40% | |
Number of Skills | 0.311 | ||||||
1–6 | 4 | −0.56 | −0.88 | − 0.24 | 0.001 | 6% | |
7–13 | 4 | −0.32 | −0.57 | − 0.07 | 0.013 | 37% |
Random effect model was used to compute the pooled effect size.
*p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance