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. 2021 Nov 20;21:584. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03504-8

Table 3.

Moderator analyses outcomes T1

Variables # of studies Pooled ES L95 U95 P-value I2 Meta-regression p-value
Overall 8 − 0.41 − 0.61 − 0.20 < 0.001 32%
Disease
 Cancer 1 −0.45 − 1.05 0.15
 Other 7 −0.41 − 0.65 − 0.18 0.001 41%
Baseline depression level 0.926
 Mild to moderate 5 −0.42 − 0.72 − 0.11 0.007 44%
 Moderately severe to severe 3 −0.43 −0.75 − 0.11 0.009 26%
Level of guidance 0.840
 Guided 5 −0.37 −0.62 − 0.13 0.002 26%
 Self-directed 3 −0.49 − 0.96 − 0.02 0.042 56%
Mode of delivery 0.840
 Face to face 5 −0.37 −0.62 − 0.13 0.002 26%
 Not face to face 3 −0.49 − 0.96 − 0.02 0.042 56%
Provider 0.840
 Professional 5 −0.38 −0.63 − 0.14 0.002 28%
 Self-directed 3 −0.5 − 0.98 − 0.02 0.042 58%
Format
 Individual 6 −0.33 − 0.55 − 0.11 0.004 25%
 Group 2 −0.65 −1.01 − 0.28 0.001 0%
Duration of Intervention 1.000
  < 300 min 4 −0.47 − 0.85 − 0.09 0.016 58%
  ≥ 300 4 −0.41 − 0.66 − 0.16 0.002 0%
Control Group
 Active 2 − 0.70 −1.52 0.11 0.09 64%
 Not active 6 −0.33 − 0.51 − 0.15 < 0.001 10%
Methodological Quality
 Low 1 −0.49 −1.03 0.04 0.072
 Moderate 7 −0.41 − 0.64 − 0.17 0.001 40%
Length of Intervention 0.858
  < 3 months 5 − 0.43 − 0.70 − 0.17 0.001 15%
  ≥ 3 months 3 −0.41 −0.81 − 0.02 0.042 60%
Depression Self-Management Skills
Decision-making 0.016*
  No 3 −0.75 −1.08 − 0.42 < 0.001 0%
  Yes 5 −0.23 −0.41 − 0.05 0.011 0%
Problem-solving
  No 2 −0.90 −1.31 − 0.48 < 0.001 0%
  Yes 6 −0.26 −0.43 − 0.09 0.003 0%
Resource Utilization
  No 7 −0.31 − 0.47 − 0.15 < 0.001 0%
  Yes 1 −1.13 −1.85 −0.41 0.002
Partnerships with HCPs
  No 7 −0.49 −0.70 − 0.28 < 0.001 4%
  Yes 1 −0.16 − 0.4 0.08 0.197
Taking Action 0.020*
  No 3 −0.75 −1.08 − 0.42 < 0.001 0%
  Yes 5 −0.23 −0.41 − 0.05 0.011 0%
Behavioural Activation 1.000
  No 4 −0.47 −0.85 − 0.09 0.016 58%
  Yes 4 −0.41 −0.66 − 0.16 0.002 0%
Cognitive Restructuring 0.297
  No 3 −0.61 −1.06 − 0.16 0.008 34%
  Yes 5 −0.32 −0.53 − 0.11 0.003 21%
Self-monitoring 0.694
  No 5 −0.45 −0.71 − 0.19 0.001 12%
  Yes 3 −0.38 −0.78 0.02 0.065 57%
Health Habits 0.283
  No 4 −0.25 −0.45 −0.05 0.014 0%
  Yes 4 −0.56 −0.93 − 0.19 0.003 49%
Communicating about Depression
  No 7 −0.34 − 0.53 −0.14 0.001 17%
  Yes 1 −0.78 −1.29 −0.27 0.003
Social Support 0.279
  No 3 −0.23 −0.43 −0.02 0.036 0%
  Yes 5 −0.53 −0.82 − 0.23 < 0.001 33%
Relaxation 0.212
  No 3 −0.21 − 0.42 0.00 0.053 0%
  Yes 5 −0.53 − 0.82 − 0.25 < 0.001 32%
Self-tailoring 0.747
  No 4 −0.47 − 0.80 − 0.14 0.005 34%
  Yes 4 −0.37 −0.67 − 0.07 0.015 40%
Number of Skills 0.311
  1–6 4 −0.56 −0.88 − 0.24 0.001 6%
  7–13 4 −0.32 −0.57 − 0.07 0.013 37%

Random effect model was used to compute the pooled effect size.

*p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance